Ecosystem Service Trade-offs Effect And Driving Factors In The National Key Ecological Function Areas In Hubei Province

Understanding the complex relationships of tradeoffs and synergies among ecosystem services(ESs)is essential to achieve a comprehensive,coordinated,and sustainable development for human well-being.However,the quantitative measurement of these relationships as well as the deeper exploration of their formation mechanism is still a challenge.As an essential part of China’s main function zoning,the national critical ecological function zone in Hubei Province has a complex natural and relatively fragile ecological environment.It is also a critical ecological barrier zone in central China,essential in ensuring regional ecological security and sustainable social development.In this paper,we assessed Food supply,Carbon sequestration,Soil conservation services,and Water conservation services to analyze their spatial and temporal trends,use correlation analysis to identify trade-off relationships among ecosystem services,and then apply root mean square deviation(RMSD)to quantify the intensity of ecosystem service trade-offs,finally,the driving factors of trade-off relationships among ecosystem services were studied with the help of optimal parameters geographic detector(OPGD)and multi-scale geographically weighted regression(MGWR)models,with a view to providing references for ecosystem management and sustainable development of the ecological environment in key ecological function areas.The main results were obtained as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2020,the average interannual value of food supply service in the national key ecological function areas of Hubei Province showed a fluctuating decreasing trend,with a spatial pattern of high in the northeast and low in the southwest;the average interannual value of vegetation carbon sequestration service showed a fluctuating increasing trend,with a spatial pattern of high in the northwest,followed by the southeast and low in the northeast;the average interannual value of soil conservation service showed a fluctuating increasing trend,with a spatial pattern of high in the west and low in the east;the average interannual value of water The spatial pattern is similar to the distribution pattern of soil conservation function,with the highvalue area located in the southwestern part of the Wuling Mountains and the Three Gorges reservoir area,and the low-value area located in the northern part of the Qinba Mountains.(2)From 2000 to 2020,food supply and vegetation carbon sequestration services were trade-offs,and spatially,they showed a distribution pattern of synergy between the northwest and northeast of the study area and trade-offs in the southwest;food supply and soil conservation services were trade-offs,with a spatial pattern of tradeoffs in the southwest and synergy in the northeast;food supply and water conservation services were trade-offs,and the spatial pattern was more similar to the distribution of food supply and soil conservation.Carbon sequestration and soil conservation services are synergistic,and the spatial trade-off relationship was increased;carbon sequestration and water retention services were mainly synergistic,with a spatial pattern of trade-off in the west and synergistic in the east;soil conservation and water retention services were highly significant synergistic relationships,and the synergistic spatial relationship was increased.(3)The spatial distribution of grain supply and vegetation carbon sequestration intensity in the national key ecological function areas of Hubei Province from 2000 to2020 showed an overall pattern of high in the west and low in the east,with a decreasing spatial trend of the intensity of the two services;the intensity of grain supply and soil conservation intensity showed an overall pattern of high in the southwest and low in the northwest,with an increasing spatial trend of the intensity of the two services;the intensity of grain supply and water retention services.The overall pattern is high in the southwest and low in the northwest,and the intensity of the trade-off between the two services was increasing in space;the intensity of the trade-off between carbon sequestration and soil conservation was high in the southwest and low in the northwest,and the intensity of the trade-off between the two services was increasing in space;the intensity of the trade-off between carbon conservation and water retention was high in the northwest and low in the southwest,and the intensity of the trade-off between the two services was decreased in space;the intensity of the trade-off between water retention and soil.The overall balance intensity of water retention and soil conservation was low,and the balanced intensity between the two services showed a decreasing trend in space.(4)The MGWR model better simulates the driving mechanism of ecosystem service trade-offs,and there is strong spatial heterogeneity in the influence of potential factors on the trade-offs of ecosystem services in national key ecological function areas in Hubei Province,and there are regional differences in the spatial differentiation of the influence factors on the intensity of trade-offs in different types of dominant ecological function areas,and the results show that the intensity of trade-offs among ecosystem services is mainly driven by natural factors,among which climatic factors and topography are the main influencing factors;the interaction among factors enhances the explanatory power of the trade-offs of ecosystem services,and the interaction types are mainly two-factor enhancement and non-linear enhancement.