| Ecosystem services are the benefits that humans received from the natural environment,which are closely related to the environmental process and human activities.With the deepening understanding one ecosystem services,their relationships and integrated effects between different ecosystem services have been paid more and more attention both at spatial and temporal dimensions.Due to the complex relationships between diverse ecosystem services,there is likely to be a contradictory mutual relationship between various ecosystem services,which is mainly shown as reciprocal trade-offs or mutual gain synergies.Scientific understanding and weighing these trade-offs and synergies relationship of ecosystem services would have contributed to ecosystem management and decision-making.What’s more,is also has great significance on realizing "win-win" policies of the economic development and ecological protection.With the rapid population growth and ongoing natural resource use,humans have enhanced the material and spiritual demands of some services.These enormous demands lead to more intervention of humankind in nature and huger disorder of ecosystem.In the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA)of the United Nations,the 15 ecosystem services have been degenerating and exceeding their carrying capacity from the 24 ecosystem services of the world.In recent decades,serious ecological and environmental problem have occurred in most areas of the arid inland river basin have occurred,such as vegetation degradation in the upper reaches,the descending of water conservation function,the declining of groundwater level in middle reaches,the outstanding of water contradiction and the service desertification in the lower reaches.This problems of fragile ecological environment have serious influence the sustainable development of basin residents,they also deepen the difficulty of the ecological environment recovery and management.But how to tackle these difficulties,the most key and urgent thing is to calculate ecosystem services value and feel out the relationship between each ecosystem service.So to calculate well “ecological account book” is helpful to establish scientific and reasonable ecological restoration,ecological protection and ecological compensation policy,and to provide basic and key science basis for the next step work in the dry inland river basin.This study takes Jiayuguan-Jiuquan region as an example,which is typical representative of the arid inland river basin.Many models are used to estimate the food supply,carbon storage,water retention and soil conservation in 2000 and 2010.We explore the trade-offs and synergies among four ecosystem services by correlation diagram made by SPSS software and analyze their dynamic characteristics in two years.Next,we analyze their trade-offs and synergies on the two scales by using correlation analysis and discussed the influence factors on multiple directions on ecosystem services.Last,we also analyze the optimum allocation through scenario simulation in order to provide scientific reference to the development of ecosystem and the construction of ecological civilization in the Jiayuguan-Jiuquan region.The major covers of this paper as following:(1)Ecosystem services were evaluated in Jiayuguan-Jiuquan region.We first quantitatively measured the value of four key ecosystem services in Jiayuguan-Jiuquan region in 2000 and 2010,including food supply,water retention,soil conservation and carbon storage.(2)Based on correlation analysis,we evaluated the trade-offs and synergies relationship between the four ecosystem services.We investigated the ecosystem services trade-offs in Jiayuguan-Jiuquan region on two spatial scales: the county and the whole region respectively.And through hotspot identification to understand the supply capacity of different regional ecological services.(3)The optimal allocation of ecosystem services.This paper built two different simulating scenarios of “ecological protection” and “rapid urbanization”,and then simulated land use spatial pattern in these two scenarios.The value of ecosystem services under different scenario simulations were evaluated and analyzed in this paper.The main research conclusions were as follows:(1)This paper obtained the four types of ecosystem services value of temporal and spatial distribution.The high values of the annual average food supply per unit area distribute in mid-eastern basin,and food supply per unit area in the Suzhou of Jiuquan City and Jiayuguan City was high values.The overall trend of carbon storage capacity was stronger in the southeastern,and weaker in the north-central.The spatial distribution of soil conservation per unit area had little change from 2000 to 2010,and presented the distribution trend of increasing gradually from west to east.Water retention shown an increasing trend and the high value distribution of water retention was more concentrative.(2)This paper clarified the relationship between trade-off and synergy in the study region on two spatial scales.At county scale,most relationships between various ecosystem services mainly were synergies,and between food supply,water retention and carbon storage were high degree of synergies;At the regional scale,between food supply and soil conservation,water retention and soil conservation were negative correlations,others shown positive correlations besides above two pairs of ecosystem services.And there were noticeable positive correlations between food supply and carbon storage,soil conservation and carbon storage.Based the hotspot analysis,the area of the zeroth,first,second,third and fourth hot block was 58.50%,25.20%,11.68%,4.59% and 0.03%,respectively.(3)This paper put forward the ecosystem services of optimal allocation.We set “ecological protection” scenario and “rapid urbanization” scenario on the basis of land use data.Under the two scenarios,soil conservation with others ecosystem services had the trade-off relationship.The “ecological protection” scenario was the most favorable land use strategy for regulating ecosystem service capacity.In addition to the soil conservation,the other three kinds of ecosystem services value increased.In the future,we should protect environment and carry out sustainable development. |
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