| In recent years,the rapid development of global urbanization has brought opportunities for economic development,but also brought a series of ecological and environmental problems such as severe smog,climate warming,soil erosion,rainstorms and floods,etc.These ecological and environmental problems have brought challenges to the sustainable development of human society.The sustainable development of human ecosystems can be achieved by integrating the quantification of ecosystem services,exploring their driving factors,and analyzing their trade-offs and synergies into environmental management decisions.The ecological "green-core"area of Changzhutan urban cluster is regarded as the ecological barrier and ecological service demonstration area of "Two-Type Society" policy(resource-saving society and environment-friendly society)of the Changzhutan urban agglomeration,In the context of the rapid development of the Changzhutan urban agglomeration,its ecological environment and economic development are facing severe challenges.Based on the InVEST model,this paper uses multi-source data such as climate data,soil data,elevation data,and land use data.Quantitative simulations of four ecosystem services of water conservation,soil conservation,carbon storage,and habitat quality in the ecological "green-core" area of Changzhutan urban cluster from 1995 to 2020 were carried out.The spatiotemporal characteristics of four ecosystem services and the ecosystem service functions of different land use types were analyzed,the spatial distribution patterns of hot and cold spots for four ecosystem services were identified,using Matlab’s partial correlation spatiotemporal statistical mapping method,the correlation between four ecosystem services was analyzed based on the pixel scale,and the multiple ecosystem service hotspots in the ecological "green-core" area of Changzhutan urban cluster were identified and classified,and the driving factors of ecosystem services were explored.Finally,based on the SOFM artificial neural network,the ecological zoning of the ecological "green-core" area of Changzhutan urban cluster is made from the perspective of ecology,and suggestions for resource utilization and management decisions of each zoning are provided.The main research conclusions of this paper include:(1)In terms of the overall temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ecosystem services in the ecological "green-core" area of Changzhutan urban cluster,the annual average water conservation total in the ecological "green-core" area of Changzhutan urban cluster is 3.84×108m3;The multi-year average soil conservation total is 1591.54×104 t;the multi-year average carbon storage total is 480.91×104 t;the annual average habitat quality index of the ecological "green-core" area of Changzhutan urban cluster is between 0.699 and 0.742;The four ecosystem services in the ecological "green-core" area of Changzhutan urban cluster have fluctuated over the years.The total amount and average amount of the four ecosystem services in the green heart zone are the largest,and the control construction zone is the smallest.The spatial distribution pattern of the four ecosystem services in the ecological "green-core" area of Changzhutan urban cluster from 1995 to 2020 has remained consistent for many years.High-value areas are mainly located in the prohibited development areas,and low-value areas are mainly located in the controlled construction areas.The quality of ecosystem services in the restricted development zones is in between.The area of water conservation,soil conservation and habitat quality decreased in a large but small amount;There are more areas with constant carbon storage,followed by areas with increasing carbon storage.(2)In terms of the characteristics of ecosystem services change of different land use types in the ecological "green-core" area of Changzhutan urban cluster,The volatility of ecosystem services for different land-use types is small from 1995 to 2020.The shrub forest has the strongest water conservation ability,followed by sparse forest land and forestland;High-coverage grasslands have the strongest soil retention capacity,followed by shrub forests and other woodlands;Forestland has the largest carbon storage,followed by beach land and reservoir pond;The habitat quality of canals is the best,followed by forestland and reservoir pond.The three land use types that contributed the most to the total of the four ecosystem services were forestland,sparse forest land,and paddy fields.(3)In terms of the spatial pattern analysis of cold and hot spot areas of ecosystem services,the hot spots of the four ecosystem services are larger than the cold spot areas,and the hot spot areas of water conservation are mainly located in the central and southern regions,and the cold spot areas are mainly located in the peripheral areas;Soil remains free of cold spot areas,with hot spot areas mainly located in the central region;The hot spot areas of carbon storage are mainly located in the northern and southern regions,and the cold spot areas are mainly located in the eastern and western regions;Hot spot areas of habitat quality are mainly located in the northern,central and eastern local areas,and the cold spot areas are mainly located in the northwest.The spatial distribution pattern of the multi-service hotspots in the ecological "green-core" area of Changzhutan urban cluster has not changed much over the years.The class4 of service hot spot areas are mainly located in the prohibited development zone,the class 2 and 3 of service hot spot areas are mainly located in the prohibited and restricted development zones,and the class 1 of service hot spot areas are mainly located in the Xiangjiang River Basin.The class3 of service hot spot areas occupy the largest area,and the class1 of service hotspot areas occupy the smallest area.(4)Correlation between ecosystem services:from a static time point,in 2005,there was a trade-off relationship between habitat quality and soil conservation,and there was a synergistic relationship between other ecosystem services,and there was a synergistic relationship between ecosystem services in other years;In terms of temporal and spatial dynamics,synergy is the main relationship among the four ecosystem services.Soil conservation and water conservation show that "the whole areas are basically synergistic,and there are trade-offs in sporadic areas".Water conservation and habitat quality are mainly manifested in the "central synergy,local trade-offs in the northeast";Water conservation and carbon storage are mainly characterized by "tradeoff and synergistic regions cross each other";Habitat quality and carbon storage are mainly manifested in the "western synergy,other regional trade-offs and synergies staggered";The relationship between habitat quality and soil conservation was mainly characterized by "trade-off relationship in central and southern regions,and synergy relationship in other regions";Soil conservation and carbon storage are mainly manifested as "interlaced trade-offs and synergies";The relationship between ecosystem services for different land-use types varies.(5)In terms of the driving factors of ecosystem services,climate,soil,topography,and land-use changes collectively impact ecosystem services,However,the most important effect on the four ecosystem services is the proportion of the total area of forest land,followed by the proportion of the total area of cultivated land.The combined effect of these two factors exceeds 70%.(6)Ecological zoning of the ecological "green-core" area of Changzhutan urban cluster based on SOFM artificial neural network on the basis of ecosystem services research,the ecological "green-core" area of Changzhutan urban cluster is divided into four zones:ecologically fragile zone,agricultural development zone,ecological coordination zone,and ecological balance zone,and puts forward suggestions on the protection of each zone to realize the sustainable development of the ecological"green-core" area of Changzhutan urban cluster.The results of this research can provide theoretical basis and guidance for relevant departments to protect the ecological environment of the ecological"green-core" area of Changzhutan urban cluster and rationally utilize the natural resources of the area,and can also provide reference for related research in similar areas. |
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