Coordination And Network Equilibrium Of Closed-loop Supply Chain Considering CSR Under The Background Of Carbon Trading

Since the industrial revolution,human beings have developed the economy through manufacturing,but at the same time,it has also caused a bad impact on the environment.Governments of various countries have formulated new economic development strategies and mandatory rectification measures to deal with climate problems,and carbon trading came into being.At the enterprise level,many supply chain enterprises have gradually adopted an environment-friendly operation and management mode,integrating the implementation of social responsibility into their daily production and sales activities,which will affect their important decisions such as carbon emission reduction and product pricing under the background of carbon trading.With the development of supply chain,closed-loop supply chain and closedloop supply chain network,enterprises are constantly facing new challenges to provide the best service at the lowest cost.It is the key to realize the effective operation of supply chain management to clarify the relationship between supply chain decision makers.Based on the background of carbon trading,this paper uses Starberg game model and variational inequality to study the supply chain coordination and network equilibrium strategies when different supply chain entities implement CSR.Firstly,this paper establishes a benchmark product trading supply chain composed of manufacturers and retailers,studies the influence of CSR input by manufacturers or retailers on supply chain decision-making under the background of carbon trading,and designs a "revenue and responsibility sharing contract" model to coordinate when there is only positive logistics;Then,on the basis of forward logistics,reverse logistics is added,and the coordination model is used again to adjust the double marginal effect in the decentralized decision-making closed-loop supply chain when there are differences between new products and reproductions.Finally,a single closed-loop supply chain is extended to a closed-loop supply chain network,and the equilibrium model of the closed-loop supply chain network is established by using variational inequality in the network composed of manufacturer layer,retailer layer and demand market layer,revealing the influence of CSR implementation level and carbon emission per unit product on the equilibrium solution of t he closed-loop supply chain network.The results show that CSR implementation by both manufacturers and retailers under the background of carbon trading is beneficial to increase the product transaction volume and market profit of the whole supply chain,r educe the sales price and promote enterprises to increase carbon emission reduction.Compared with the supply chain,the closed-loop supply chain with reverse logistics can create a greater competitive advantage for manufacturers with lower unit carbon emi ssions.Based on the research results,this paper puts forward suggestions to manufacturers from strengthening the construction of product recycling and remanufacturing channels,timely increasing CSR investment,and building a low-carbon supply chain,and puts forward suggestions to retailers from optimizing manufacturer selection,enhancing low-carbon publicity,and selecting appropriate CSR level.