Technological Research On Pottery At The Qijia Cultural Site Of Dingxi Nuanquan Mountain,Gansu Province

As the last mainstream culture of the late Neolithic period in Ganqing area,and one of the important sources of Chinese civilization,the Qijia culture has always attracted much attention from scholars.With the development of archaeology and the application of modern science and technology in archaeology,the understanding of the prehistoric society of the Qijia culture has made great progress,and there are many sites of the Qijia culture and the distribution space is very wide,but at present,the research work of the Qijia culture is more concentrated on large-scale cultural sites,and the research on other sites is relatively small,and more research work is urgently needed.Starting from the pottery pieces of the Qijia cultural site in Nuanquan Mountain,this paper hopes to obtain some new understanding of the social development and human activities at that time through the research on the origin and production process of the raw materials of the pottery chips,and make a contribution to the study of the prehistoric society of the Qijia culture.In this paper,a total of 160 pieces of pottery and other materials and 27 loess samples were collected from the Qijia Cultural Site of Nuanquan Mountain,Dingxi City,Gansu Province.A detailed description of the pottery,color,ornamentation and other characteristics of the pottery;X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to determine the chemical composition of ceramic chips and loess samples,principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods were used to analyze the chemical composition of ceramic chips and loess,and the source of ceramic raw materials and the influence of the material were discussed.The scanning electron microscopy&X-ray spectrometer was used to observe the ceramic tiles under the microscope,and the microstructure,firing situation,types of yang and materials,painted pigments and ceramic clothes of the ceramic tiles were analyzed,and the raw materials and processes of the ceramic chips were discussed based on the research results of predecessors.The main conclusions are:(1)The pottery of the Qijia Cultural Site of Nuanquan Mountain is mainly sand-filled pottery pieces,and the number of clay pottery pieces is small;The ceramic color is mainly red,yellow and gray occupy a certain proportion,and the number of black pottery is small;The ornamentation is mainly Rope ornamentation,rich and diverse;The surface of some pottery has been trimmed and polished,and some pottery surfaces are coated with white pigments;There are various types of pottery along the mouth,and pottery is relatively rich.(2)The clay clay of the Qijia cultural site of Nuanquan Mountain is basically the same as that of the sand-filled pottery piece,and the chemical composition is different due to the addition of admixtures.The raw materials for pottery chips are closer to red clay than loess;The types of pottery clay and admixtures materials in the Qijia cultural sites of Nuanquan Mountain are basically the same as those of the Qijia cultural sites in northeast Qinghai Province and eastern Gansu,and each area has a production area,and there is extensive pottery exchange and trade.(3)The grains contained in the carcass of the Qijia Cultural Site of Nuanquan Mountain mainly include quartz,feldspar,pyroxene,dolomite,etc.;The main component of the white pigment on the surface of pottery is calcium carbonate;The black color pigment chemical elements of pottery surface are Fe and Mn.The ancestors of the Qijia culture of Nuanquan Mountain have mastered the technology of oxidation flame and reduction flame,but the degree of firing of pottery varies,and Some pottery is poorly fired.The white flake material collected is gypsum,indicating the use of gypsum by the Qijia culture people.