Study On The Implementation Of Ecological Policy And Farmers’ Livelihood Resilience In Karst Mountainous Areas

Ecological policy implementation in karst mountain area plays a significant role in improving regional ecological environment,optimizing farmers’ livelihood capital structure and promoting the development of farmers’ livelihood resilience.The implementation of ecological policies readjustments the relationship between farmers’ livelihood development and ecological environment,and provides new ideas for exploring the development of farmers’ livelihood resilience.What are the current situation of farmers’ livelihood development and livelihood resilience interfered by ecological policies,and what are the obstacles to the development of farmers’ livelihood resilience?This study selected 16 typical villages in 5 counties(districts)of Anshun City,and obtained 632 valid questionnaires through participatory rural assessment.In combination with the implementation background of ecological policies,the framework of sustainable livelihood and the concept of resilience are combined to build a framework system of sustainable livelihood and livelihood resilience.Based on the analysis of the development of farmers’ livelihood capital,the current situation of farmers’ livelihood resilience after the implementation of ecological policies is analyzed,and the obstacle factors of livelihood resilience are identified.Finally,the influence mechanism of ecological policy implementation on farmers’ livelihood resilience was discussed,and corresponding suggestions were put forward for the optimization of farmers’ livelihood resilience.The results show that:(1)The overall development of farmers ’ livelihood capital is well,and the overall value of farmers ’ livelihood capital is increasing from 2014 to 2020.From 2014 to 2020,natural capital value increased,but the increase rate was small.The value of social capital is unstable,increasing and decreasing;The value of human capital shows an increasing trend with a large increase;Both financial capital value and physical capital value showed a large increase from 2014 to 2017,and a small increase from 2017 to 2020.(2)After the implementation of ecological policies,the comprehensive value of farmers’ livelihood resilience ranked from high to low in the following order: farmers with part-time jobs and multiple careers(2.9514)> farmers dominated by migrant work(2.2388)> farmers dominated by farming(2.1701)> farmers dependent on relief(1.9258).The ranking of different types of households in the dimension of internal buffer power is as follows:part-time and multi-directional households(0.9824)> jobsoriented households(0.8877)> agriculture-oriented households(0.4527)> handout-dependent households(0.2784).The ranking of different types of farmers in the dimension of self-organization ability is as follows: farmers who rely on relief(1.4504)> farmers who work mainly(1.3521)> farmers who work part-time and multi-direction(0.9325)> farmers who work mainly(0.8510).The ranking of households with different livelihood types in the dimension of learning ability was as follows: part-time and multioriented households(1.0365)> working-oriented households(0.5001)> agriculture-oriented households(0.3653)> handoutdependent households(0.1970).(3)The identification results show that the common obstacles to the development of farmers’ livelihood resilience are as follows:the internal buffer dimensions include per capita cultivated land area,per capita annual income and household savings;The dimensions of self-organization ability include food selfsufficiency ability and organization and management ability.The dimensions of learning ability include the education level of the household head,the information acquisition ability of the labor force and the annual investment in family education.(4)Finally,taking "external disturbance--ecological policy implementation,household behavior response-change of livelihood capital,and household livelihood strategy-livelihood resilience" as the logical main line,the impact mechanism of ecological policy implementation on farmers’ livelihood resilience was analyzed,and the development path for optimizing farmers’ livelihood resilience was proposed from the two aspects of government management and farmers themselves.