| This article is based on statistical yearbook data and China’s annual land cover dataset,and uses the three-dimensional ecological footprint model to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of ecological footprint,ecological carrying capacity and ecological surplus and deficit in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2020.At the same time,it explores the regional differences of footprint breadth and depth,and uses principal component analysis and spatiotemporal geographically weighted regression model to study the influencing factors of ecological footprint.The results show that:(1)The per capita ecological footprint of the Yangtze River Economic Belt changed steadily,showing a fluctuating upward trend: The per capita ecological footprints of four types of productive land,namely arable land,forest land,grassland and water area decreased by 0.0252 hm /cap、0.0125 hm /cap、0.0017 hm /cap、0.0002 hm /cap respectively.The per capita ecological footprints of fossil energy land use and construction land use increased by 0.1209 hm /cap 、 0.0120 hm /cap respectively.From the spatial distribution point of view,the range of low and lower grades of per capita ecological footprint in each province and city of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was significantly reduced,and 54% of the provinces and cities achieved significant improvement in per capita ecological footprint.The provinces and cities with high-grade per capita ecological footprint were concentrated in the downstream provinces and cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.(2)The per capita ecological carrying capacity of the Yangtze River Economic Belt changes steadily and shows a downward trend.The per capita ecological carrying capacity of four types of productive land: cultivated land,forest land,grassland and water area decreased by 0.0439 hm /cap、0.0107 hm /cap、0.0009 hm /cap、0.0001 hm /cap respectively.The per capita ecological carrying capacity of construction land increased by 0.0138 hm /cap.From the spatial distribution point of view,during the study period,the spatial pattern of per capita ecological carrying capacity in various provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt changed little and finally showed a low-high-low-high spatial pattern from west to east.(3)The ecological deficit situation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows a trend of fluctuating increase.Among the six types of productive land,only cultivated land and construction land are in a state of ecological surplus.Fossil energy land,forest land,water area and grassland are all in a state of ecological deficit.From the spatial distribution point of view,the spatial pattern of per capita ecological deficit in various provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt changed little and overall showed a spatial pattern with increasing levels from west to east.(4)The overall footprint breadth of the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows a downward trend.The footprint breadth of four types of productive land: cultivated land,forest land,grassland and water area decreased by 0.0252 hm /cap、0.0094 hm /cap、0.0007 hm /cap、0.0001 hm /cap respectively.The footprint breadth of construction land increased by 0.01 hm /cap;from the spatial distribution point of view,among the provinces and cities,only Jiangxi Province,Chongqing City and Zhejiang Province showed a decline in ecological footprint level while other provinces and cities remained unchanged with low and relatively low levels appearing in Anhui Province,Shanghai City and Zhejiang Province in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River as well as Chongqing City and Guizhou Province in the upper reaches.During the study period,the ecological footprint depth showed a fluctuating upward trend with increasing ecological pressure;from the spatial distribution point of view,there was little change in the spatial pattern of footprint depth in various provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt with an overall low-west-high-east spatial pattern.(5)The influence of three principal component factors on the ecological footprint of Hubei Province has spatial heterogeneity.The positive impact range of the social development level principal component factor on the ecological footprint of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has narrowed,changing from a positive impact on all provinces and cities to an alternating distribution of positive and negative impacts with the intensity of influence changing from mainly strong levels to mainly medium-strong levels.The impact strength of population size and industrial structure principal component factors on the ecological footprint of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has weakened,changing from mainly strong levels to mainly weak-medium levels with an expanded positive impact range changing from mainly negative impacts to alternating distributions of positive and negative impacts.The energy dependence degree principal component factor has always had a positive impact on the ecological footprint of the Yangtze River Economic Belt with its impact strength changing from mainly weakmedium levels to mainly medium-strong levels. |
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