Mechanism And Strategy Of Differentiated Governance Of Ecological Restoration For Territorial Space:from The Perspective Of ‘Pattern-process-services’

Ecological restoration for territorial space is a major initiative to ensure the construction of ecological civilization and overall national security in China at this stage.At present,research on ecological restoration for territorial space is mostly focused on conceptual analysis,knowledge of characteristics and theoretical connotations,while the application of the theory is mostly in the exploratory stage.The "pattern-process-services" theory is the focus of research in the field of landscape ecology,and by adjusting the relationship between "spatial structure-ecological processes-human benefits",the coordinated development of the human-earth coupled system can be achieved,which can also provide a scientific basis for the practice of ecological restoration for territorial space.It can also provide a scientific basis for the practice of spatial ecological restoration.As an important region in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,Zhejiang Province has experienced rapid socio-economic development in recent years,and ecological problems have also emerged,showing obvious spatial differentiation in different regions.In this paper,Zhejiang Province is selected as the study area,and based on the "pattern-process-services" theory,we explore the differentiated scientific decision-making of ecological restoration for territorial space,so as to provide a theoretical basis and research reference for the application practice of ecological restoration for territorial space,such as background evaluation,regional layout and management strategy.This paper uses Arc GIS,Rstudio,In VEST,Geo Da and other tools to quantify the trends in supply and demand for four types of ecosystem services,including grain production,water conservation,habitat quality and soil conservation,and their spatial differentiation characteristics in Zhejiang Province in 2015 and 2020,the K-means method,Pearson correlation coefficient and randomforest algorithm were used to evaluate and summarise the structural and correlation characteristics and important influencing factors of each ecosystem service across the four types of functional areas in the province;spatial autocorrelation,ecological supply-demand ratio and risk characteristics were used to identify and analyse the risk and carrying characteristics of the supply-demand matching relationship of ecosystem services.Finally,a characteristic classification system of functional areas and supply-demand matching relationship is constructed,and the restoration zones of ecological restoration for territorial space are divided based on the dominant ecosystem service types,and recommendations for the overall optimisation of governance models,measures and differentiated governance strategies are put forward for each zone.The main findings of this paper are as follows:(1)The "pattern-process-services" theory is consistent with the governance logic of ecological restoration for territorial space in terms of research objects,scope,content and objectives.This paper summarises the definition of ecological restoration for territorial space,the status of research progress,and establishes a logical framework between the two.(2)Based on the actual situation in the study area,the four types of ecosystem services in Zhejiang Province,namely food production,water conservation,habitat support and soil conservation,were assessed through the In VEST and RUSLE models,and the results showed that the supply and demand of each type of ecosystem services showed different spatial variation within the same year,with non-significant changes between 2015 and 2020.(3)Based on the theory of trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services,the functional areas of ecosystem services were identified and divided into four functional areas: habitat conservation,water conservation,soil and water conservation,and agricultural development,based on the composition of the various ecosystem service clusters and the dominant service types;based on the level of correlation between tradeoffs and synergies among ecosystem services within the functional areas,it can be seen that most of the relationships exhibit synergies and change at different spatial and temporal scales;based on the categories of influencing factors for ecosystem services in the functional areas,it can be seen that there are differences in the categories of influencing factors for each type of ecosystem service and similarities in the categories of influencing factors for dominant ecosystem services.(4)Based on the theory of supply and demand for ecosystem services,the supplydemand match was measured and characterised,and risk levels were classified according to the supply-demand equilibrium,and risk management orientation was established.Based on the theory of supply and demand for ecosystem services,the supply-demand match was measured and characterised,and risk levels were classified according to the supply-demand equilibrium,and risk management orientation was established;the spatial variability of the supply-demand imbalance is evident in the northeastern and southwestern regions,which are classified into different carrying levels based on the supply-demand equilibrium.(5)Combining the characteristics of Zhejiang Province’s ecosystem service function areas and the matching characteristics of supply and demand,ecological restoration for territorial space method is used to divide the habitat conservation core protection sub-region,habitat conservation natural restoration sub-region,water conservation core protection sub-region,water conservation comprehensive natural restoration sub-region,water conservation remediation and reconstruction sub-region,soil and water conservation core protection sub-region,soil and water conservation natural restoration sub-region,agricultural development natural restoration sub-region,agricultural development remediation and reconstruction sub-region.(6)On the basis of the zoning,differentiated management models and measures are proposed according to the structure of each restoration area,its relevance,categories of important impact factors,risk and carrying capacity,etc.,and suggestions are summarised for optimising the differentiated management strategy for ecological restoration for territorial space in five aspects,including multidimensional and collaborative management objectives,engineering technology combination models,restoration work collaboration mechanisms,ecological product value realisation paths,and dynamic supervision and evaluation.