Ecosystem Health Assessment And Ecological Restoration Pattern Construction In Siping City

Rapid economic development has been achieved at the cost of environment in the early stage of our country,which has brought ecological problems such as ecosystem quality degradation and eco-space narrowing increasingly serious.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,China has put ecological civilization construction in a prominent position and put forward the ecological civilization principles of respecting nature,following its laws and protecting it.The concept of land-space ecological restoration came into being.Compared with the past ecological and environmental governance,which mainly focused on local and single ecological process or ecological problem,the land-space ecological restoration is more holistic and systematic.It emphasizes the top-level design thinking of the whole area,all factors and the whole process,and the arrangement and coordination of ecological restoration projects.At present,the land-space ecological restoration has attracted wide attention from Chinese academia and government departments.As an industrial city with long history,Siping City ecological environment problems are very serious,and the ecological restoration is imminent.As an important part of land-space restoration planning,ecological restoration pattern is the spatial expression of regional ecological restoration,which can fill the conduction fault between macro ecological security pattern and specific restoration projects,and has important research significance.By constructing an assessment model of ecosystem"vigor-organization-elasticity-services",this paper assesses the ecosystem health of Siping City in 2000 and 2020.Getis-Ord Gi*is used to differentiate ecological restoration zones,then the ecological protection and restoration units are identified and the ecological corridors are extracted,all of which can be used to construct the ecological restoration pattern of Siping City.Finally,the ecological restoration measures of Siping City are developed.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)In 2020,the regions of ecosystem health gradeⅠ-Ⅴin Siping City accounted for 10.82%,17.17%,55.13%,13.43%and 3.49%of the total area.The grids of gradeⅠandⅡwere mainly distributed in the eastern mountain and the southwest artificial shelterbelt of Siping City,the grids of gradeⅢwere widely distributed in the cultivated land area of plain,and the distribution of the grids of gradeⅣandⅤwere mainly consistent with that of built-up areas,unused areas and paddy fields.During the study period,the comprehensive ecosystem health of Siping City improved slightly from 0.48in 2000 to 0.51 in 2020.The improvement areas were mainly distributed in Yitong and Shuangliao,while the deterioration areas were mainly distributed around the built-up areas of the city.(2)In the ecological restoration pattern,there are four types of ecological restoration areas:the western wind-breaking and sand-fixing restoration area,the central black soil protection and comprehensive improvement area,the central and eastern Great Black Mountain ecological barrier and the eastern river-source water resources protection and restoration area,accounting for 28.12%,37.05%,16.53%and18.29%of the total area of Siping City.The area of ecological protection and restoration units is 1189.83 km~2 and 2009.83 km~2.According to the different dominant functions,they are divided into water conservation-biodiversity protection unit,soil conservation-biodiversity protection unit,soil conservation protection unit,water conservation protection unit,wind-breaking and sand-fixing protection unit,urban restoration unit,soil conservation restoration unit,biodiversity restoration unit,Dongliao River water environment restoration unit and wind-breaking and sand-fixing restoration unit.There are 35 ecological source areas with a total area of 1071.89km~2,and 55 ecological corridors with a total length of 483.09km.(3)The ecological restoration mode in Siping City can be divided into 4categories:conservation,natural restoration,assisted regeneration and ecological reconstruction.According to the ecological problems and the degree of damage to the ecosystem,19 specific restoration measures are selected for different ecological protection and restoration units,in order to improve the health level of the ecosystem in Siping City and guarantee the sustainable development of the region through ecological restoration.