The Impact Of "Carbon Peaking And Carbon Neutrality" Policy On The Transformation Of Energy Structure And The Optimization Of Countermeasures

China aims to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality by 2030 and 2060 respectively.As the key to achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,the transformation of energy structure has become an important part of integrating domestic and international situations,guiding China’s transformation of energy structure and high-quality economic development.Public policy,as the carrier of the government’s behavior,has become an important means and tool for the government to realize the goal of the work in a certain period.However,due to the fact that the top-level design of public policy in our country is still not perfect,the prominent contradiction between energy security and economic development,and the existence of objective situation such as the deviation of policy implementation,the interests of governments at all levels,enterprises and the public have conflicts of interest.And this is a new challenge for China to achieve carbon peaking in 10 years and achieve carbon neutrality in 40 years.Therefore,from the perspective of conflicts of interest,this paper takes the impact of Chinese " carbon peaking and carbon neutrality " policy on the transformation of energy structure as the study object,by carding and analyzing the interest relationship and interest conflicts among different interest subjects such as the central government,the local government,the energy enterprises and the public,and then summarizes the impact of conflicts of interest on the transformation of energy structure.In order to find effective ways to resolve the conflict of interest between various interest subjects such as governments at all levels,energy enterprises and the public.Therefore,this paper in the Marxist interest theory,policy life cycle theory and Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization as the premise of the theoretical basis,through literature research,data analysis,using tools such as ROST CM6,analyzing the current "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality " policy on the impact of energy structure transformation and drawing lessons from the path of foreign energy low-carbon transformation and experience,put forward some policies and suggestions in line with China’s national conditions and meeting the requirements of the times about the " carbon peaking and carbon neutrality ".Based on the above research,this paper draws the following conclusions:(1)In the context of China’s " carbon peaking and carbon neutrality " goal,in order to complete the transformation of energy structure,governments at all levels,energy enterprises,the public and other interest subjects participate in the formulation and implementation of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality " policy.(2)Due to the insufficient and unbalanced energy resource endowment,energy production and utilization status during the transformation,the government,as the official policy maker,It is necessary to effectively solve the conflicts of interest among various interest subjects and balance the three kinds of relations: long-term and short-term interests,social and economic interests,and government and public interests.(3)As an effective administrative means to achieve the goal of " carbon peaking and carbon neutrality ",the " carbon peaking and carbon neutrality " policy not only needs to strengthen the policy orientation of promoting green and low-carbon energy development,plan ahead and improve the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality " policy system,but also needs to effectively control and reduce the consumption structure of coal,oil and other high energy consumption fossil energy,orderly promote the development of renewable energy industry and industrial optimization and upgrading.Formulate and implement more powerful public policies in the aspects of designing and improving fiscal and tax policies,financial policies and carbon emission trading policies,and handle the relationship between interest conflicts among interest subjects and economic development,industrial supply and demand,and energy security from the top-level design,so as to ensure that the green and low-carbon transformation and upgrading of the energy industry can be realized in a steady and orderly way under the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" goal.