Research On The Influence And Countermeasures Of Carbon Tariff On China’s Export Trade Of Mechanical And Electrical Products

The current world economic development faces strict emissions of carbon dioxide in the process of constraints,and developed countries take active measures to reduce emissions,change the traditional economic growth mode,promote economic low-carbon transformation,build resource conservation and environment-friendly society,strive to achieve carbon neutrality as soon as possible.Facing the new situation of economic development in the world,it is urgent for China to promote low-carbon development and reduce carbon emissions,and improving carbon emission efficiency as one of the important ways to reduce carbon emissions has attracted wide attention.The Report to the Party’s 20 th National Congress clearly states that “the Belt and Road” Initiative has become a popular international public good and platform for international cooperation.All parties along the Belt and Road regard unimpeded trade as a key driver for economic growth,and are engaged in the process of jointly building a high-quality “The Belt and Road” to achieve a higher level of opening up.As the pioneer of “the Belt and Road” construction,China’s provinces along the Belt and Road are not only important regional entities to promote the high-quality development of China’s foreign trade,build a new pattern of foreign trade development,and deepen trade cooperation in the context of global green development,but also a key component of promoting global sustainable development.Therefore,taking the provinces and regions along the Belt and Road as the research object,exploring the inherent connection between the degree of trade openness and carbon emission efficiency of the provinces and regions,and forming a new pattern and concept of promoting low-carbon development through foreign trade,have significant practical significance and academic value for further expanding China’s opening up to the outside world,accelerating China’s low-carbon economic revolution process,helping China’s economic and social development to be healthy and efficient,and promoting the construction of a global green development community.Based on the systematic review of existing theories and literature,this article selects the three-stage DEA model to measure the carbon emission efficiency of the16 provinces and regions along the Belt and Road in China from 2010 to 2020,and uses trade dependence to measure the degree of trade openness of the provinces and regions along “the Belt and Road”.A dynamic panel GMM model is constructed to empirically test the relationship between trade openness and carbon emission efficiency in provinces along “the Belt and Road”.The results show that:(1)China’s provinces along the Belt and Road have prominent differences in carbon emission efficiency.Among the 16 provinces and regions studied,only Shanghai and Guangdong have achieved a relatively effective level of carbon emission efficiency,ranking at the forefront of emission efficiency.The energy input of these two regions has reached the optimal output,while the carbon emission efficiency of the other 14 provinces and regions is generally low,with large efficiency differences among the provinces and regions.(2)There is a “U” shaped relationship between trade openness and carbon emission efficiency.In the early stage of trade opening,there is a negative correlation between trade opening and carbon emission efficiency.The enhancement of trade openness leads to a downward trend in carbon emission efficiency.However,as the degree of trade openness gradually deepens,there is a significant positive correlation between trade openness and carbon emission efficiency,and the higher the level of trade openness of the provinces and regions along the route,the higher the carbon emission efficiency.Finally,based on theoretical and empirical research,this article puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.They include seizing the good opportunity of jointly building “the Belt and Road”,promoting the optimization of the industrial structure of the provinces along the Belt and Road,accelerating the application of green scientific and technological achievements,and gradually adjusting and optimizing the energy consumption structure.While continuously open wider to the outsi6 de world,China will continue to improve the efficiency of carbon emissions,so as to achieve win-win cooperation between high-quality development of foreign trade and ecological and environmental protection.