The Configuration Of Emission Control Areas Considering The Sulfur Emission Permits

The massive increase in maritime trade has not only brought huge economic profits,but also brought huge pollution from ships.Ships consume fuel and produce sulfide,which brings serious harm to the marine environment,ecosystems and humans.The International Maritime Organization proposed the implementation of related concepts and specific regulations on sulfur emission control areas in Annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships(MARPOL).The sulfur emission control areas requires that ships traveling in the area should use low-sulfur oil fuel that meets the requirements.In 2020,the sulfur emission requirements for non-sulfur emission control areas in the MARPOL Convention have reached a new stage,that is,the use of low-sulfur oil is required worldwide.With the further development of the global sulfur emission restrictions implemented by the International Maritime Organization,the requirements of some sulfur emission control areas are the same as those of non-sulfur emission control areas,and the impact of these sulfur emission control areas on reducing ship sulfur emissions will gradually decrease.However,on a global scale,there are still some sulfur emission control areas that play an effective role in reducing emissions.Therefore,it is necessary to increase or decrease the emission control area to improve the emission reduction efficiency of the sulfur emission control areas.With reference to the current mature and stable carbon emission permit allocation system with obvious emission reduction effects,this paper proposes a method for determining the configuration of emission control areas by allocating sulfur emission permits.Combined with the "top-down" ship fuel calculation method,an effective method for calculating ship sulfide emissions in a certain area is proposed.By controlling the effective issuance of sulfur emission permits(sulfur emission quotas),the results of the configuration of emission control areas are controlled to minimize the impact of sulfur emissions on human health.Aiming at the problem studied in this paper,a mixed integer programming method is proposed.Considering whether the configuration of the sulfur emission control areas is continuous or not,two configuration models are established,respectively,model A and model B.Model A is a configuration model that does not consider continuity,and model B is a configuration model that considers continuity.Numerical experiments are carried out by applying the model to the case of emission control areas in China and the case of emission control areas in Africa.Among them,this article estimates the sulfur emissions of different locations by using fuel consumption calculated from data collected from liner shipping companies.By comparing Model A and Model B,and the influence of each parameter on the model,the following results can be obtained.As far as China is concerned,the Bohai Rim,the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta are highly likely to establish sulfur emission control areas.As far as Africa is concerned,the Gulf of Guinea and South Africa are likely to establish sulfur emission control areas.In the numerical analysis,based on the different sulfide emissions in different regions in different periods,reasonable allocation of sulfur emission permits,and establishment of sulfur emission control areas.While ensuring emission control,promote maritime trade at ports within(nearby)the emission control areas.