Analysison Trade-offs And Synergistic Relationships Among Multiple Ecosystem Services In The Natural Forest Protection Project Area Of China

Ecosystems can provide multiple ecosystem services,from which humans can directly or indirectly benefit from them.Complex relationships between ecosystem services.Clarifying the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services is conducive to improving the overall benefits of ecosystems.As the urbanization process accelerates,the population continues to increase,and frequent human activities greatly affect the degradation of ecosystem functions.NFPP is a major ecological project in China.My country’s forestry has changed to ecological construction.Scientifically understand the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of ecosystem services and the changes in the trade-offs and synergies between services,so as to enhance the cognition of regional ecosystems,promote the coordinated development of complex natural and economic systems,and ensure the sustainable supply of ecosystems,are an important basis for ecosystem management and regulation.Based on the CASA,the RUSLE and the In VEST,this paper uses SPSS,MATLAB,Arc GIS and other software combined with multi-source data to analyze the three ecosystem services of net primary productivity(NPP),soil conservation and water production in the Tianbao Project Area from 2000 to 2018.Calculated,analyzed the temporal and spatial differentiation of ecosystem services in the natural protection project area through spatial mapping analysis,rose diagram,etc.,combined with the Slope trend analysis method to detect long-term changes in ecosystem services,and used correlation analysis to explore the three services in 19 years.The trade-off and synergy relationship aims to provide a feasible policy plan and scientific basis for the future ecosystem management and regulation of the Tianbao project area.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2018,the spatial distribution pattern of NPP in the Tianbao project area was high in the southeast and low in the northwest,showing a fluctuating and rising state as a whole.The multi-year average was 502.93 gc/(m~2·yr),and the area with the highest NPP was the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.The water production service in the Tianbao project area has a distribution pattern of high in the southeast and low in the northwest,with large inter-annual fluctuations,with a multi-year average of207.62 mm.The area with the highest water production is the upper reaches of the Yangtze River;the spatial distribution of soil conservation services is in the southwest.The trend is high in the north and low in the north,and the long-term change trend shows a fluctuating upward trend.The multi-year average is236.99t/(hm~2·yr),and the area with the highest soil conservation is the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.(2)From 2000 to 2018,the carbon sequestration and soil conservation services in the Tianbao project area and each subregion were all synergistic,with a small inter-annual variation range,and the synergy showed a fluctuating trend of first strengthening and then weakening.From north to south,there is a distribution pattern of"synergy-trade-off-synergy".Both water production and carbon sequestration are synergistic relationships,and the change trend of the synergy relationship is to increase first and then weaken,showing that from southwest to east,trade-off is the main one.The spatial differentiation law is gradually transitioning to a synergistic relationship.Water production and soil conservation services are in a trade-off relationship in key state-owned forest areas in Xinjiang and the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River,while other areas show an obvious synergistic relationship,and the inter-annual variation range is relatively small.The synergistic relationship shows a fluctuating trend of first weakening and then strengthening,the overall distribution is synergistic,and some areas in the northwest show a trade-off distribution.Among the single service hotspots of the natural protection project,the carbon sequestration service hotspots account for the highest proportion,and the soil conservation service hotspots account for the lowest.Among the multiple hotspots,the highest and lowest area ratios are the Type 0 and Type 3hotspots.(3)The land use types in the Tianbao project area are mainly grassland,forest land and cultivated land,the largest water yield is in the forest land and the smallest in the water area;the largest net primary productivity of vegetation is in the forest land and the smallest in the water area,and the largest soil conservation is in the forest land and the smallest in the urban land.Among the three ecosystem services trade-offs and synergistic zoning statistics of different land use types in the Tianbao project area,the synergistic relationship is the main factor for the six land use types,and the synergistic relationship is the strongest for grassland land.