| Nowadays,one of the main challenges the Italian tourism sector faces is improving its tourism sustainability development by reducing projected growth in the use of resources and greenhouse gas emissions.These objectives,also promoted by the International Agenda 2030,aim to increase the concept of sustainability in the tourism and commercial field.Therefore,sustainable tourism,which is in danger from climate change,water shortages,loss of biodiversity,and damage to tourist assets and attractions,aims to preserve Italian cultural and natural heritage by implementing sustainable reforms at the economic level.Due to these aspects,this research was designed to evaluate the development of Italian tourism sustainability and demonstrate how Italy achieves it by undertaking a qualitative and quantitative investigation.With the support of the literature,the primary institutional implications case study and record-keeping examination confirmed the necessity of a deeper inquiry into the Italian strengths in achieving sustainable tourism goals(SDGs).Then,a quantitative study was conducted to examine environmental variables detected in the qualitative investigation accurately.The literature review explored in the qualitative inquiry drives the authors to select and consider as independent variables four elements:the gross domestic product of Italy(GDP),the international tourism index(TOURAR),and domestic tourism(TOURDO)and the energy consumption(ENE).From these variables was exploited the impact of them on Italian CO2 emissions.The econometric analysis,based on the Autoregressive Distributed Lag(ARDL)model and the Granger Causality test,was processed in RStudio.Results showed that international and domestic tourism is negatively but significantly interrelated in the long run with carbon emission(CO2):close to a 1%increase in inbound tourism is associated with a decrease of-0.25%of pollutants;then,close to a 1%increase in domestic tourism is associated a decrease of-0.2%in CO2 emissions.Both gross domestic product and energy consumption could augment C02 emissions.Then,at the increase of 1%in the economic sector,CO2 emissions increase by 0.08%;therefore,the rise in energy consumption due to the gross domestic production and the tourism impact augments the CO2 emission by 0.992%.After the complex ARDL test,the Granger causality examination was performed,and a significant bidirectional correlation between CO2 emissions and domestic tourism was detached in the short term.Finally,the results presented demonstrate that there is no growth-led emission due to international and domestic tourism but despite it,a negative significant relationship exists between tourism and CO2 and demonstrates that the effort of Italy in reducing emissions(i.e.,infrastructure,transport,and services)to have a positive impact on the environment.Summing up the results obtained from the two qualitative and quantitative investigations,it was possible to understand that sustainable tourism promoted by the European Parliament and the local governments,with financial help and the mandatory of Agenda 2030’s SDGs,positively involves reforms for reducing emissions caused by the tourism industry,both in the long and short term.Therefore,a solution for Italy to achieve as soon as possible the whole objectives of Agenda 2030 is by ensuring local policies and community control,monitoring activities,and investment proposed to boost efforts in a green economy and technological innovation.In conclusion,the presenting study explores a practical methodology for analysing the sustainable tourism development condition in Italy by presenting reasonable reasons and suggestions for achieving a national low-carbon and circular economy under a sustainable tourism development lens. |
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