| The Yellow River Wetland is an important wetland space in Henan Province,rich in species and ecological diversity,and an important habitat for migrating birds,with important ecological and scientific research value,but it is located in the interior of China,surrounded by traditional agricultural production areas,densely populated areas and rapidly developing urban areas.The economic development of the surrounding towns and cities has plundered the Yellow River of too many natural resources.In recent years,the Yellow River wetland habitat has been affected by uncontrolled wetland reclamation,fish farming and pollution from everyday life,resulting in a further deterioration in the quality of waterfowl habitat.Human activities have had a profound impact on the Yellow River wetland ecosystem.Under the major national strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin,new opportunities for the integration and optimisation of nature reserves are seized to plan for the conservation and restoration of the Yellow River wetland habitat.This paper takes the Yellow River Wetland National Nature Reserve in Henan Province as the research object,analyses the spatial distribution characteristics of the habitat quality of the reserve with the help of the In VEST model,combines Arc GIS with multiple indicator weight overlay to analyse the spatial distribution map of the human impact index,uses bivariate spatial correlation to analyse the spatial relationship between the two,uses land use data,analyses the main land use contradiction problems that exist,and then proposes targeted optimisation strategies for Finally,based on the current problems and natural conditions of the Henan Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve,a habitat restoration plan for the study area was identified with a view to enhancing the habitat of the nature reserve.(1)The human impact index in the Yellow River Nature Reserve shows a spatial distribution characteristic of "high in the east and west and low in the middle area",with 37.97% of the area having a human impact index of medium intensity or higher.The concentration of farmland,rural settlements and farming industries also creates difficulties for the Yellow River Reserve in terms of conservation,and strict internal management is urgently needed.In view of the worrying condition of the habitats in the core and buffer zones,habitat management and restoration should be implemented in the planning for areas with a high human impact index.(2)The overall habitat quality of the Yellow River Reserve has an average value of 0.65,with more than 52.46% of the area at below-medium level,and its habitat quality is presented as below-medium level,which urgently needs to strengthen ecological protection.The bivariate global autocorrelation Moran’s I-0.519 between human activity intensity and habitat quality showed a negative spatial correlation between the two,with an increase in the level of human activity leading to a decrease in habitat quality.However,the central reservoir area of the study area shows a positive correlation between the two,indicating that strict control of human activities is an important means of enhancing habitat quality in protected areas.It shows that the design of the reserve rules should pay attention to both the reconstruction of wetlands and the strengthening of the control of human activity behaviour in each subzone.(3)The spatial optimisation of the Yellow River Reserve should focus on the clearance of fish ponds and swidden farmland,the transformation of wetlands,the relocation of villages and towns and the incorporation of conservation vacancies.Fish ponds should be transformed in situ into artificial wetlands and restored to their original form to enhance the ecological capacity of the Yellow River wetlands;farmland should be retired to wetlands or ecologically transformed according to its distribution characteristics and location;villages in the core protected areas should be well compensated for ecological damage and relocated in an orderly manner;villages and towns in non-core areas at the edges,which have a greater impact on habitat,should also be relocated to guide the development of an ecological economy;the eastern and western plain areas with weak habitat are planned The river wetlands in the eastern and western plains are planned as new core protection areas.The landscape planning scheme is planned and designed at three levels: macroscopic general planning layout,mesoscopic zoning restoration planning and microscopic special optimisation design.The macroscopic level is based on the ecological functions of the wetlands in the reserve and the surrounding natural conditions,and the spatial pattern of "one axis,two belts,three zones and multiple nodes" is constructed;the mesoscopic zoning restoration plan is based on the different topography of the Henan Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve and the findings of the previous rationale study,from the perspective of habitat restoration and sustainable development,to create a western wetland restoration zone,a central nature reserve,an eastern wetland restoration zone,and an eastern wetland restoration zone.The microscopic zoning restoration plan focuses on the different topographical features of Henan Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve and the findings of the previous study to create the western wetland restoration zone,the central nature reserve and the eastern ecological ornamental zone,and selects representative sites for planning and design.This paper takes the Yellow River Wetland National Nature Reserve in Henan Province as an example and uses the results of theoretical research to guide the design practice.From the perspective of the relationship between human activities and habitat space,the ecological space restoration planning and design strategy is proposed to help protect and restore the Yellow River wetland,hoping to provide certain ideas and references for the planning and design of related wetland nature reserves. |
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