Study On The Change Of Habitat Quality Of Qionghai Wetland Under The Influence Of Human Activities

Qionghai,as the largest urban wetland and the most beautiful wetland in the plateau,has bred the typical and unique biodiversity of Qionghai wetland with the unique types of closed and semi-enclosed wetlands in southwest China,and plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining regional ecological balance and maintaining biodiversity.However,the ecological environment protection of Qionghai wetland is facing great predicament: On the one hand,the continuous development of social economy,the wetland is affected by human activities,wetland ecological environment is being seriously threatened.on the other hand,the lack of habitat research of Qionghai wetland,and no appropriate method has been established to evaluate the Habitat Quality of Qionghai wetland,and the change trajectory and present situation of wetland habitat are blurred.This paper discusses the effective measures and methods of Habitat protection in Qionghai wetland from the relationship between ecological environment and social and economic development of Qionghai wetland.Firstly,the land Use type of Qionghai wetland is classified by using ENVI5.3 based on the NDVI/NBVI/RRI index band and the Landsat band,and the spatial analysis software such as ArcGIS is used to analyze the changing state of regional wetland,cultivated land,residential buildings,bare land,woodland and other places,The habitat and human activity status of Qionghai wetland are discussed.Secondly,using the method of calculating the total threat level of habitat in InVEST model,the intensity of human activity and the state of wetland affected by human beings are analyzed quantitatively.Thirdly,based on the method of habitat quality calculation in InVEST model,the change trajectory and present situation of Habitat Quality of Qionghai Wetland are analyzed synthetically.Finally,using entropy method to evaluate the state of economic and social development of Xichang,and using the “driving force-state-response”analysis method,the "economic and social development","Land use Type" as the driving force,"wetland affected","wetland habitat quality" as the state," Protection measures for wetland habitats " for the response to discuss.The main research results and conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)It is concluded that the Habitat Quality of Qionghai wetland is gradually improving from the development state of wetland and woodland,but the Habitat Quality of some wetland areas is seriously reduced in the state of concentrated convergence of cultivated land,residential buildings and bare land.(2)The intensity value of human activity is from large to small,in order of woodland(ecological construction activities),cultivated land(agricultural production activities),residential buildings(human living activities),bare land(transitional human Activities).The impact value of Qionghai wetland decreased by 19.5% in 2004-2017,the 2004-2010 driving factors were the decrease of transitional human activity intensity,the 2010-2013 driving factor was the transfer of agricultural production activities,and the 2013-2017 driving factor was the enhancement of the ecological construction of Ring lake.(3)It is concluded that the habitat quality of Qionghai wetland remained stable in 2004-2017 years,the average habitat quality score was more than 0.97,belonging to the "Habitat quality Excellent" grade,and the habitat quality was good.However,the northwest side of Qionghai is the hotspot area of habitat quality change,habitat quality from good decline medium finally promoted to excellent,because of the change characteristics of "cultured fish pond,cultivated land-> wetland,bare land,cultivated land-> wetland and woodland" in this area.(4)The effective measures to protect wetland habita are as:(1)Stimulating the development of tertiary industry through ecological tourism and speeding up the adjustment of economic development structure;(2)accelerates urban and rural construction through centralized town and urban development;(3)Strengthening the connectivity construction of lake waters in Qionghai by further promoting the "threeBrexit three"(turning coastal cropland into a lake,coastal fish ponds turning into lakes and coastal houses turning into lakes);(4)the construction of ecological protection barrier by perfecting and strengthening the construction of surrounding Lake Woodland.