Research On The Impact Of Processing Trade Development On Environmental Pollution

In the context of the new division of labor system in the global value chain,processing trade is an important form of China’s participation in the division of labor in the global value chain and foreign trade,and it is also an effective way for China to make full use of the "two markets" and "two kinds of resources" at home and abroad to accelerate development.However,although the development mode of processing trade with "two ends outside,large in and out" brings short-term economic growth,it may also have a serious negative impact on China’s resources and environment,which is contrary to the new development concept of "innovation,coordination,green,openness and sharing" advocated by China.The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China also clearly pointed out that China’s economy has shifted from the stage of high-speed economic growth to the stage of high-quality economic development,and it is necessary to expand and cultivate new trade formats and new models to promote the construction of a trade power.Based on this,theoretically,this paper explains the impact mechanism of processing trade on the scale effect,structural effect and technical effect of environmental pollution in combination with the theory of comparative advantage,international trade theory,and race to the bottom line,and analyzes the regulatory effect of technological innovation and environmental regulation on the relationship between the two from the "three effects" of processing trade on environmental pollution.Empirically,the article uses panel data from 30 provinces and cities in China from 2002 to 2019 as a research sample(some data in Tibet are missing,and the article is excluded).Firstly,from the different aspects of pollution emissions,six statistical indicators of industrial sulfur dioxide emissions,industrial smoke(powder)dust emissions,chemical oxygen demand in wastewater,ammonia nitrogen emissions in wastewater,general industrial solid waste generation,and industrial hazardous solid waste generation were selected as basic data,and the comprehensive environmental pollution index of various provinces and cities in China was constructed by using the entropy value method.At the same time,the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of environmental pollution in China are discussed by using kernel density estimation and spatial Markov chain estimation method,and the spatial distribution characteristics of Processing Trade in China are calculated and analyzed with the help of Arc Gis software,so as to make a preliminary judgment on the relationship between the two,providing a realistic basis for further establishing a spatial econometric model.Then,with the help of spatial econometric methods,the spatial adjacency matrix,geographical distance matrix,economic distance matrix and economic geographic distance nesting matrix are constructed from the two dimensions of geographical distance and economic and trade activities,and the spatial agglomeration characteristics and spatial correlation of processing trade and environmental pollution are tested by Moran test,and the spatial lag model is tested by means of Hausman test,WALD test,LR test and joint significance test.The estimation model suitable for this study was identified in the spatial error model and the spatial Doberman model,and then the maximum likelihood method was used to perform regression analysis on the selected spatial Durbin fixed-effect model.Next,the interaction terms of processing trade and technological innovation,and the interaction terms of processing trade and environmental regulation are included in the benchmark regression model to analyze the heterogeneity of technological innovation and environmental regulation on the environmental pollution effect of processing trade,and the spatial effect decomposition results of each core variable are analyzed in detail.Finally,the accuracy and reliability of the benchmark regression results are explained by replacing the spatial weight matrix,variable indentation processing,and adding control variables,and further endogenous discussion.The study found that:(1)There is an obvious positive spatial spillover effect on environmental pollution in various provinces and cities in China,and local environmental pollution will aggravate the level of environmental pollution in the surrounding areas;(2)The development of processing trade has increased china’s environmental pollution,and local processing trade not only has an impact on the local environment,but also has a negative impact on the environment of the surrounding areas,and the direct effect is greater than the spatial spillover effect;(III)Technological innovation and environmental regulation have a significant negative regulatory effect on the environmental negative effects of processing trade,that is,the higher the level of innovation or the greater the intensity of environmental regulation,the smaller the negative impact of processing trade on the environment.Finally,the article combines the research conclusions with the actual situation in China and puts forward targeted policy suggestions:(1)Optimize the export structure of processing trade;(2)Make use of superior resources to raise the level of independent innovation;(3)Implement reasonable environmental regulatory policies;(4)Pay attention to the development of processing trade in the central and western regions.The innovation of this article is mainly reflected in the following aspects:(1)Innovation of research perspective.This paper incorporates technological innovation and environmental regulation into the analytical framework of trade and environment,explores its regulatory effect on the environmental effects of processing trade,enriches and expands the content of theoretical analysis,and provides a theoretical support for the transformation and upgrading of processing trade.(2)Innovation of research methods.On the basis of existing research,this paper first uses kernel density estimation and spatial Markov chain estimation to analyze the regional differences of environmental pollution and the dynamic evolution of its distribution in China,and further explores the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of the development of processing trade,preliminarily judges the relationship between the two,provides empirical support for the establishment of empirical models,and makes up for the shortcomings of existing research.Secondly,the paper expands the research to the spatial dimension and conducts empirical analysis with the help of spatial econometric models,so that the research conclusions are more accurate and closer to reality.(3)Innovation in variable measurement.The article uses the ratio of the export volume of processing trade to GDP to measure the development level of processing trade,and more specifically examines the impact of the development of processing trade on China’s environmental pollution.At the same time,considering that the pollution caused by trade is multifaceted,six statistical indicators of industrial SO2 emissions,industrial smoke(dust)dust emissions,chemical oxygen demand in wastewater,ammonia nitrogen emissions in wastewater,general industrial solid waste generation,and industrial hazardous solid waste generation are selected from different aspects of pollution as basic data,and the entropy method is used to calculate the environmental pollution index of various provinces and cities in China,which more comprehensively reflects the level of environmental pollution and makes the empirical results more accurate and reliable.