Farmers Participate In The Concession Of Nanshan National Park Research On Income Impact And Policy Perception

National Parks shoulder two important responsibilities:environmental protection and community development.Although China’s national parks started late,the relationship between national parks and communities has always been a hot topic for scholars.In developing countries,people in protected areas usually bear huge costs related to protection due to the loss of land,the restriction of production activities by strict protection policies,or the loss caused by the conflict between people and wildlife,and the franchise policy can provide partial compensation.It has been four years since Nanshan National Park Administration issued the pilot franchise law in 2018.It is worth exploring whether the policy has brought economic benefits to farmers in the park.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to study the impact of franchising on Farmers’ income.Through household interviews and questionnaires,this paper investigates the farmers in Hunan Nanshan National Park,and obtains the income micro data of 341 farmers in 2018 and 2019,as well as the participation of franchise policy.On this basis,based on the theory of production factors and social capital,this paper analyzes the main influencing factors of farmers’ participation in franchise policy,the impact of franchise policy on Residents’ income,and the subjective difference evaluation of community residents on National Park franchise policy.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)Concession policy has a significant impact on Farmers’ income.Generally speaking,participation in this franchise policy can improve the total income and operating income of farmers;For farmers who participate in franchising,their operating income is the main component of family income,while for farmers who do not participate in franchising,wage income is the main income;Whether to participate in the franchise policy has no direct impact on transfer income and wage income;The income gap of farmers in Nanshan National Park is large,and the income of most farmers is still mainly wage income.(2)Farmers’ participation in franchise policy is affected by many factors.The results show that farmers who have received vocational training and served as village cadres are more likely to seize the opportunity to participate in franchising,and the more accessible areas and towns will have more opportunities to participate.However,the level of education has a negative impact on the participation of residents in Nanshan National Park community in national park management,which means that the higher the level of education,the lower the level of participation.According to the survey,the permanent residents of Nanshan National Park are mainly the elderly and children,and most of the highly educated or young people choose to go out to work.This also shows that although the franchise of Nanshan National Park has adjusted the income of farmers to a certain extent,it has a limited role in absorbing employment and cannot attract high-level talents to return home for employment.(3)Farmers’ subjective satisfaction with franchising is low.Although national park franchising has significantly increased the income of participating households,the overall attitude of farmers is negative,and the positive attitude of farmers participating in franchising is significantly higher than that of nonparticipating households.The head of household has received vocational training,and the farmers who live close to the road have a higher and higher positive attitude towards the policy,which shows that the convenience of transportation and the industrial form of villages and towns are very important to whether farmers can participate in franchising,how to participate in franchising,and their attitude towards franchising.In view of the problems reflected in the research,the following three suggestions are put forward:first,promote the industrial scale and promote the income growth with the cluster and brand strategy;second,build a long-term training mechanism based on policy,ecology and industrial skills;Third,improve the franchise system,and the franchise will feed back the community.