Income Impact Of Farmers’ Participation In National Park Ecological Protection And The Moderating Effect Of Social Network

As the highest type of protected land in China,national parks play an important role in maintaining the authenticity of ecosystem and protecting biodiversity.However,the overlap between ecological protection space and farmers’ production and living space makes protection and development an unavoidable topic.Strict ecological protection standards in national parks have impacted the livelihood of surrounding farmers,and farmers’ participation behavior also affects the realization of ecological protection goals.The balance between ecological protection and farmers’ interests is the premise of sustainable ecological protection.Since the pilot construction of the national park system in 2018,various ecological protection participation measures have been implemented.What are the economic effects of these measures? Can we achieve a balance between protection and development? Is there any difference in effect between different participation measures?What are the factors that affect the difference in effect? The answers to the above questions have important practical significance and policy value for understanding the effect of ecological protection measures in national parks,evaluating the impact of ecological protection measures on farmers,and promoting the co-construction and sharing of national parks.In this study,taking Qianjiangyuan National Park as an example,based on the survey data of 10 villages in two periods(2016 and 2019),the public participation theory and sustainable development theory were used to construct an analytical framework for the impact of ecological protection participation on farmers’ income,and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the current situation of farmers’ participation in national park ecological protection.On this basis,the fixed effect model was used to analyze the impact of farmers’ participation in national park ecological protection on farmers’ household income,and social network variables were introduced to examine its moderating effect on farmers’ economic participation in ecological protection(1)Whether farmers participate in the ecological protection of national parks has little effect on their household income,but there are differences in effect from different types of participation.The existing forms of ecological protection participation are mainly divided into labor employment type and management operation type.The former takes up a lot of labor time,impacting the employment structure of families,causing the reduction of non-agricultural income and total income,while the latter mainly relies on resources and factor inputs,resulting in higher profits and an increase in operational income and total income.(2)Considering the moderating effect of social network,it is found that social network can positively promote the income impact of farmers’ participation in ecological protection.The higher the level of social network,the greater the positive impact of farmers’ participation in national park ecological protection on their household income.This is because the higher the level of social network,the more likely they are to come into contact with more participation information,get better participation opportunities and share more economic benefits.However,for farmers with low social network level,it is another situation.(3)Based on the above results,this study believes that we can expand the positive impact of ecological protection and enhance farmers’ perception;improve the ecological compensation mechanism and coordinate protection and development;improve the participation mechanism and pay attention to the fairness of participation to promote the coordinated development of national park ecological protection and farmers’ interests.