| The Y chromosome strictly follows paternal inheritance and is an important molecular marker for studying paternal origin,recording evolutionary events and migration routes.Macaca mulatta wild natural population has females staying all year round,males migrating in and out of groups,based on this behavior pattern,the understanding of gene communication and spread in different populations is still very limited.Therefore,a total of 84 male samples were identified from feces and blood samples from 18 geographical populations in Sichuan area,and capillary electrophoresis and sequencing were performed at 15 Y-STR loci to analyze the genetic diversity and flow of male macaques in Sichuan from the perspective of paternal inheritance,evaluate the influence of male macaque migration behavior on the genetic structure of different populations,and deepen the understanding of the population inheritance and flow patterns of wild macaques.The main results are as follows:(1)Based on capillary electrophoresis data,capillary electrophoresis using 9 Y-STR loci found that geographical populations were not strictly divided according to geographical location,and there were interspersed and intermingled individuals between populations,especially in the Yajiang area,where there was obvious gene exchange in the four populations.It is speculated that the geographical conditions of the unique mountains and mountains in Sichuan are not absolutely impeded,and male macaques may not be divided into obvious geographical patterns.(2)Based on the sequence alignment analysis obtained by Sanger sequencing,it was found that different geographical populations of male macaques in Sichuan did not form separate clades,and the haplodiversity within the population was higher than that of haplotype diversity between populations,and the frequency of shared haplotypes was large,indicating that there was frequent gene exchange between different populations and the genetic differentiation was not obvious.(3)Based on the joint analysis of 6 single copies and 3 multi-copy sequences in the Y-STR loci,it was observed that the topology of the four mediation network diagrams was similar,and the haplotype evolution all came from the same ancestor,and the ancestor haplotype accounted for most of the population of male macaques in Sichuan,indicating that the genetic differentiation of male macaque populations in Sichuan was not obvious,and it was consistent with the behavior pattern of macaque population mainly flowing through males.In conclusion,this study analyzed the genetic diversity of male macaques in Sichuan by capillary electrophoresis and sequencing,which confirmed the ecological behavior pattern of male macaques in and out from the molecular genetics,and its strong diffusion ability led to frequent gene exchanges between male macaque populations in Sichuan.From the perspective of paternal origin,the evidence of genetic differentiation of macaques in Sichuan is enriched,which is of great significance for understanding the adaptive evolution of wild macaques and the conservation of genetic resources,and also provides molecular data for the conservation of wild macaque resources in China. |
