| The monkey is a rare species endemic to China,the national two-level wild animals.The current distribution in Henan,Qinghai,Southern China,Shaanxi,Southwest China,the Yangtze River Watershed in China.In Shanxi Province,Macaca mulatta located in southern Lingchuan,Qinshui,Yuanqu and Yangcheng.In a concentrated distribution area of Shanxi Lishan National Nature Reserve is the north line of Macaca mulatta in China.Over the past 20 years,the number of Macaca mulatta species protected areas has been showing a steady growth trend,the existing 7 groups of only about 480~572.Since August 2013 to December 2015,the author has made a special study on the ecology of the Macaca mulatta in the National Nature Reserve of Shanxi,composed of plant habitats,species diversity,dominant species niche,food source of plant flora composition and evaluation were emphasized system research.The results of this study will provide important scientific basis for the reasonable protectionof Macaca mulatta habitat in Lishan andscientific management.The main results are as follows:1.The communities of Macaca mulatta habitat in Lishan were classified into 16 associations by TWINSPAN.XVI cluster has the highest species diversity,XI cluster showed the lowest species diversity.The research shows that human disturbance is the main factor affecting the species diversity of Macaca mulatta habitat.In vertical structure,the change of species richness index,diversity index and evenness index of each association are as follows: herb layer > tree layer > shrub layer.The richness index of shrub layer had little fluctuation,and the difference of tree layer and herb layer richness index had different degrees;The diversity index of the different associations in tree layer,shrub layer and herb layer have different degrees of fluctuation;The evenness index of the shrub layer had a large fluctuation,but the tree layer and herb layer had little fluctuation.2.The dominant species of the habitat are the food plants of Macaca mulatta.In the top 10 of the tree layer and shrub layer species,there are 15 species of Macaca mulatta,and they are also the important species of the forest community structure in the Macaca mulatta habitat.In the tree layer,the largest niche breadth is Carpinus turczaninowii(1.585),followed by Juglans cathayensis(1.496)and Carpinus cordata(1.465);In the shrub layer,forsythiasuspensa(1.586)and Spiraea salicifolia(1.346)had the larger niche width;Species wity larger niche breadth had greater niche overlap and similarity than other populations,while niche overlap and similarity were smaller in the species with smaller niche breadth.Dominant species in tree layer have different degrees of niche overlap,and food plants between large overlap,such as Carpinus turczaninowii-Carpinus cordata(0.672);The niche overlap of dominant species in shrub layer is not obvious.3.Based on field investigation of the Macaca mulatta habitat,336 seed plants are found,which belong to 66 families,and 170 generas,among them,there are 263 species of edible plants,belonging to 52 families and 122 generas.The feeding plants in the Rosaceae family is the most,contains 15 genera and 42 species,followed by Leguminosae families with 11 genera and 22 species.According to the statistics,52 families of feeding plant of M.Mulatta were classified into 6 distribution types and 3 variety types,in temperate nature of the dominant families,accounted for 56.25%.Secondly,in the tropical nature of the majority,accounted for 43.75%.The 122 genera of edible plants can be divided into 11 distribution types and 6variety types.The dominant genera of temperate distribution,accounting for 79.63% of the total.Next is the tropical nature of the genera more,accounting for 20.37% of the total.The aboveinformation indicates that the flora of M.Mulatta habitat in Lishan National Nature Reserve is a warm temperate zone.4.The seed plants were recorded in spring belongs 16 families,49 genera and 124 species.The Leguminosae family contains most species(9 genera /19 species,the same below),followed by Ulmaceae(5/12);Summer feeding seed plants belongs 13 families,a total of 51 genera,125 species,Rosaceae contained the most species(13/32),legumes(9/19),Ulmaceae(5/12)times.Autumn feeding seed plants belong 9 families,a total of 44 genera,117 species,including Rosaceae contained the most species(13/39).Secondly Leguminosae(11/22),Ulmaceae(5/12).Winter feeding seed plants mainly concentrated in 3 families,respectively Leguminosae(9/19),Ulmaceae(5/12)and Fagaceae(2/8).Comprehensive evaluation and analysis results show that: In spring,Carpinus cordata(leaf),Carpinus turczaninowii(leaf)and Thalictrum aquilegiifolium var.Sibiricum(leaf)high score;In summer,Rosa xanthina(fruit),Malus hupehensis(fruit)and Thalictrum aquilegiifolium var.Sibiricum(leaf)high score;In autumn,Elaeagnus umbellata(fruit),Tilia amurensis(leaf),Patrinia scabiosifolia(all)and Malus hupehensis(fruit)high score;In winter,Pinus armandii(fruit)and Quercus mongolica(fruit),the higher scores.5.The nutrient components of the food seed plants of M.Mulattawere studied by PCA,the results showed that: In spring,plant richness,crude fat,and water are the main factors affecting the feeding of M.Mulatta.In summer,water,tenderness and abundance are the main factors affecting the feeding of M.Mulatta.In autumn,tenderness,crude fat,water and crude protein are the main factors affecting the feeding of M.Mulatta;In winter,water,crude fat,crude protein,tenderness and abundance are the main factors affecting the feeding of M.Mulatta.On the whole,M.Mulatt like to choose high moisture,high fat,high protein food. |
