Study On The Morphology Of The Innominate,Sacrum And Pelvic Of Macaca Mulatta In The Taihang Mountains

In the study of the human race and non-human primates,pelvis has been the focus of domestic and overseas scholars.The foreign research of primate morphological characteristics has made rapid progress,especially in the aspects of the origin of sex differences,asymmetry and variability.The domestic research on morphological characteristics of pelvis has rarely reported,especially of non-human primates.The objective of this study is mainly to research the sex difference of the pelvis,variability,index of innominate and sex difference of sacrum of Macaca mulatta in Taihang Mountains in order to provide the basic data and resource of the bone morphology of non-human primates especially for the morphology of pelvis.The aim of the research also can help accumulate the material of heredity evolution,functional morphology study,differentiation in non-human primates and protection of primates.Specimens were come from the Taihang Mountains Macaca mulatta National Nature Reserve.Bone specimens were made according to conventional methods.In this study,61 cases of innominate(including mature and immature)and 56 cases of complete sacrum were analyzed.The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0.Statistical processing use description statistics,one-way ANOVA,analysis of covariance,allometric growth: nonlinear regression analysis,binary logic regression analysis,multivariate discriminant analysis,principal component analysis,factor analysis and ROC analysis.The main research progress is as follows:(1)Sex differences of pelvis: The mature Macara mulatta in Taihang Mountains has significant difference of sex differences.Mean variable of ischium length,ilium length and max length of pelvic are greater in males than females;but variable of pubic lengths and entrance wide of pelvis are significantly greater in females than males.There is the gender recognition ability of two factors extracted by PCA.Preliminary estimate shows that sex differences of pelvis are confined to the obstetric,selective pressure of successful delivery and newborn skull size.(2)Variability of pelvis: The results of one-way ANOVA and variability inspection indicate that some variability of variables of pelvic has differences in males and females.The size and direction also have differences in different gender.The sex differences of variability of femoral length were not significant.Mean values of variables of pelvis are greater in males than females.From the results we can see the pelvic variability,patterns of growth development and selection pressures may be different in sexes.(3)Population comparison of pelvic variability: The coefficient of variation of pelvis in populations of non-human primates is different.The variability of pelvic variables is mainly affected by genetic factors,epigenetic factors and environmental factors.The effect factor of pelvic variability is the gene which is located on autosomes,sex chromosomes are less effect.(4)Sex differences of sacrum: The result shows that most of the linear variables are highly significant in males than females and a few sacrum variables are greater of females than females.The correct classification ranges from a high of 87.3% to a low of 78.2% by multivariate discriminant analysis.Logistic regression analysis of gender correct discrimination rate is 83.6% to 87.3%.The sex differences of sacrum are highly significant in females than males.PCA extracts three factors from original data of sacral to explain the total variation of 78.1%.The results show that sex differences of factor 2 and factor 3 were significant.The results suggest that the sex differences of non-human sacrum variables are related to factors of exercise,successful delivery,and the ratio of skull-pelvis.(5)Allometric growth of innominate: The 3 models can be obtained according to the allometric analysis of hip variables.With few of variables of innominate can effectively identify the sex,the correct sex discrimination rate is 87.0%.The sex differences of the innominate are mainly related to the allometric growth of the female innominate.The shape of the innominate is the result of the interaction between the macaca mulatta motor function and the reproductive function.