Analysis On Indoor Thermal Environment And Climate Responsive Strategies Of Dwellings In Northeast Sichuan

Traditional dwellings are an important historical witness of architectural civilization.Through the experience of historical practice,traditional houses have been constantly adjusted and optimized in architectural form,and actively used passive design strategies to adapt to the natural climatic environment.Northeast Sichuan is located on the north-south boundary of the " Qinling Mountain-Huaihe River Line ",with a hot and humid climate and mountainous terrain.The complex geographical and climatic conditions have resulted in the formation of traditional residential houses with green tile walls,far-reaching eaves,flexible space and mainly courtyard courtyards.This study first uses the theory of climate zoning to clarify the climatic characteristics of northeast Sichuan,with hot and rainy summers,cold winters,and high relative humidity of the air throughout the year.Further,with the help of building analysis software Climate Consultant and Weather Tool,we summarize the comfort range and passive design techniques for buildings in northeast Sichuan under this climate characteristic.Second,field residential mapping,villager interviews and indoor thermal environment tests,numerical simulations and thermal environment evaluations were conducted for two representative traditional residential houses and one modern residential house,and data from the modern residential house were used for the control analysis.First,the results of the field measurements show that the indoor temperature of the traditional dwelling varies from 22℃-33℃ with a daily difference of 11℃ in summer,while that of the modern dwelling varies from 26℃-34℃ with a daily difference of 8℃,and the indoor thermal environment of the traditional dwelling is better than that of the modern dwelling in summer in comparison.In winter,the indoor temperature of traditional and modern dwellings ranges from-2℃ to 8℃,both of which do not meet the indoor comfort conditions.Second,the prototypes of residential houses were extracted and the indoor thermal environment of typical residential houses was simulated throughout the year using Energy Plus software.The simulation results again verified the view that the indoor thermal environment of traditional residential houses was better than that of modern residential houses in summer,and both failed to meet the comfort requirements in winter.Third,the current situation of the indoor thermal environment of typical residential houses was evaluated with the help of APMV index.The analysis found that the indoor thermal and humid environment of traditional houses in the summer and transitional seasons in the region is about 56.55% of Class I and Class II,and the indoor thermal and humid environment in winter is about 43.44% of Class III.In contrast,only 42.46% of the modern residential buildings are in Class I and Class II,and 57.53% are in Class III.The proportion of traditional dwellings in Class I and Class II is larger than that of modern dwellings,so the comfort level of indoor thermal environment of traditional dwellings is better than that of modern dwellings,indicating that traditional dwellings are more responsive to local climatic conditions.Finally,four aspects,namely,site selection and layout characteristics,courtyard form and spatial design,plan combination and design parameters,and building materials and structural structure,were selected in an attempt to reveal the mechanism of traditional residential architecture and climate adaptation in northeast Sichuan,and to sort out and refine the climate adaptation strategies of traditional residential houses.Six strategies of courtyard form,gable layout,ventilation loft,through-height design,room combination and scale were selected to verify the effectiveness of the strategies through experiments controlling a single variable.The results of the study show that the spatial design of traditional residential houses has an impact on the indoor thermal environment mainly in terms of shading,thermal buffering and natural ventilation strategies,which can be realized by using design means such as integrated enclosed courtyard,double-sided arrangement of gable space,loft with ventilation effect and through-height design space.At the same time,the multi-faceted enclosed courtyard such as quadrangle,compact room layout,and low room scale are used to take into account winter insulation and resist the influence of cold winter winds on the indoor thermal environment.The findings of this paper and the summary of climate adaptation strategies can provide technical support for improving the indoor thermal environment of modern countryside buildings in northeast Sichuan.It also provides a scientific and reasonable theoretical reference for protecting the green construction wisdom of traditional residential buildings in northeastern Sichuan,constructing an ecological construction system,and realizing the sustainable development of rural architecture.