Physical Types And Ethnographic Characteristics Of The Chinese Miao Ethnic Group

The Miao people are an ancient nation and one of the ethnic minorities with a large population and wide distribution in my country.Due to the long-term migration results of thousands of years,the distribution of modern Miao people is characterized by "large scattered,small settlements",and the Miao people are mainly distributed in the provinces such as Guizhou,Hunan,Hun,Sichuan,Yunnan,Gui,and Qiong.In order to study the physical types and characteristics of the Miao nationality,from October 2018-November2020,the research team to 360 Miao adults in Danzhai and Leishan County,Guizhou Qian southeast Miao and Dai Autonomous Prefecture,Guizhou Province 503 cases of Miao adults conducted 76 head facial and physical indicators,18 circumference and skin pleated thickness indicators,and 19 body composition indicators.The results were as follows:(1)Miao adults are all round-headed,high-headed,medium-headed and medium-nosed.With age,Miao adults have a higher nose,wider mouth,nose and ears,narrower eyes and head,and thinner lips.Miao male and female forehead hairlines belong to the pointed type,more straight forehead inclination,sparse eyebrows,upper eyelid creases,medium eye fissure height,triangular earlobe,low flat nose root height,straight nasal dorsal lateral view,upturned nasal base,medium nasal wing width,thick lips,etc.With the increase of age,the thickness of the eyebrow arch in Miao adults tends to be weaker,the incidence of Mongolian folds gradually decreases,the inclination of eye fissures tends to be horizontal,and the incidence of round earlobes and nasal wing width increases.The index values of nine indexes,including head length,nose length,minimum forehead width,mandibular angle width,outer corner width,upper lip skin height,facial face index,zygomatic forehead width index and nose index,were all higher than those of Guizhou Miao,and the index values of eight indexes,including face width,inner angle width,facial height,facial width,facial width,morphological height,nose height,head and face width index,and head face height index,were all lower than those of Guizhou Miao.In general,compared with the Miao people in Guizhou,the Miao people in Xiangxi have narrower faces and ears,wider distance between the eyes,and smaller head circumference.(2)Miao men and women are short height,wide chest type,wide shoulder type,wide pelvic type,and middle leg type.The average body height,limb length and width indicators of males were greater than those of females.The values of 16 index values of Miao adult height,sitting height,auricular screen point height,anterior superior iliac spine point height,submental point height,middle finger tip point height,acromion point height,upper chest edge height,radius point height,styloid point height,tibial point height,anterior trunk height,lower limb full length,full leg length,calf length and shoulder width gradually decreased with age,and the four index values of humerus internal and external epicondyle diameter,foot width,hand width and pelvic width gradually increased.The values of Hmong adult height,chest circumference,height and shoulder width,pelvic width,shoulder width,pelvic width,Ma’s trunk and leg length,Erismann,Vervaeck,Rohrer,Bromica and Pelidisi index values increased with age,and the height sitting height and lower length sitting height index values decreased with age.The height of the Miao ethnic group in Xiangxi,the height of the auricular screen,the height of the upper tibial point,the height of the submental point,the full length of the lower limbs,the height of the acromion point,the sitting height,the height of the upper edge of the chest,the height of the front trunk,the height of the radius point,the width of the shoulder,the height of the styloid point,the height of the anterior superior iliac spine point,the height of the middle finger tip,the height of the sitting height index,and the height of the shoulder width index were greater than those of the Guizhou Miao.The values of eight indicators,including inner malleolus point height,foot width,hand width,height,pelvic canal index,shoulder width,pelvic width index,Ma’s trunk leg length index,Livi index and Pelidisi index,were lower than those of Guizhou Miao.Based on the principal component analysis of individual data,the height,sitting height and shoulder width of the Miao people in Xiangxi were greater than those of the Miao people in Guizhou,and the width of their feet,hands and pelvis were smaller than those of the Miao people in Guizhou.(3)Miao males had greater waist circumference,calf circumference,upper limb circumference,iliac crest epithelial fold and anterior superior iliac acanthic fold values than females,and with age,Miao calm chest circumference and waist circumference increased,lower limb circumference decreased,and biceps skin fold value increased.The circumference and skin fold thickness were positively correlated.Compared with the other 11 ethnic groups,the adult circumference and skin fold thickness of the Miao are similar to those of the southern ethnic groups such as the Dong,Shui and Buyi.The values of hip circumference,upper limb circumference,biceps skin fold,triceps skin fold,subscapular skin fold,iliac crest epithelial fold,anterior superior iliac acanthic fold,and inner calf skin fold were smaller than those of Guizhou Miao.Based on the principal component analysis of individual data,it was found that the upper limb circumference and anterior superior iliac spinose fold of the Miao people in Xiangxi were smaller than those of the Miao people in Guizhou.(4)The overall average body size value of Miao males was 4.9-5.8-1.2,which belonged to the mesoderm body type of the partial endoderm,and the overall average body size value of women was 5.3-5.6-0.9,which belonged to the endoderm-mesoderm equilibrium body size.Compared with women,Miao men have better muscle and bone development and body linearity.Compared with other ethnic groups,Miao adults have more developed bones and muscles,more uniform body shape and higher linearity,and their body shape is similar to that of southern ethnic groups,indicating that Miao adult body type belongs to the South Asian type.(5)Miao males are presumed to have greater bone mass,calorie,water rate,visceral fat grade,total muscle mass,limb and trunk muscle mass than females,and biological age,overall fat rate,limb and trunk fat rate are less than females.The body fat rate of Miao adults increased with age,and muscle mass decreased with age.The level of physical muscle development of the Miao people in Xiangxi is higher than that of the Miao people in Guizhou.Both Hmong men and women are overweight.Conclusion: The physical characteristics of the Miao ethnic group are relatively close to those of southern ethnic groups such as the Dong,Buyi and Shui ethnic groups,and their physical characteristics belong to the South Asian type.(6)Compared with Mongolians,Dongxiang,Baoan,Hui and Han,Miao adults have smaller body heights,narrow faces,higher appearances,higher noses,and not obvious differences in mouth and ear size.Compared with the southern ethnic groups such as Maonan,Dong,Shui,Buyi and Qiang,Miao adults have no significant difference in face and body height,and compared with the Yao people,the Miao adult population has wider ears and smaller nose height.The physical characteristics of the Miao ethnic groups such as Maonan,Buyi,Shui and Dong in China are the most close,indicating that the physical characteristics of the Miao belong to the South Asian type.