The Physical And Population Genetic Characteristics Studies Of Mosuo In Yunnan Based On The Anthropometry

At present,in China there are some unidentified ethnic groups and their nationality names are uncertain.These ethnic groups either not yet have determined national identity or have dispute about their national identity.Since the founding of new China,Mosuo in Sichuan were classified as Mongolian,Mosuo in Yunnan were classified as Naxi.However,Mosuo in Ninglang of Yunnan did not accept the nationality name,and under their appeal,the Yunnan Provincial People's Congress approved their name as Mosuo in 1990.In September 2013,71 physical anthropological indicators of 386 adults(179 males,207 females)and 25 genetic indicators of 250 students(125 males,125 females)of Mosuo from Yongning,Ninglang,Yunnan were measured by our study group and analyze the causes of the formation of Mosuo from the aspects of formation,development,migration,integration with other ethnic groups and environmental factors,and report the comprehensive physical data of Mosuo for the first time,leave the physical information of Mosuo of the time for history,promote the early completion of the Chinese national physical database,provide anthropological basis for the national identification of Mosuo.The results are as follows:(1)Mosuo have higher frequency of eyefold of the upper eyelid and lower percentage of mongoloid fold,narrow opening height of eyeslits,higher external angles,tiny zygomatic projection,medium-type nasal root height,straight nasal profile,level nasal base,wide breadth and middle height of alae nasi,oblique maximal diameter of nostrils,middle upper lip skin height,thicknesses of lip is thin,round ear lobe,brown eye color.With the age of growth,the percentage of mongoloid fold decline,direction of eyeslits tend to level,breadth of alae nasi widen,thicknesses of lip increase,upper lip skin gradually thinner,dark brown eye color reduce,brown and light brown increase.(2)The classification of indices show that Mosuo is brachycephaly,metriocephalic type,hypsicephalic type,leptoprosopy,mesorrhiny,broad chest circumference,medium shoulder breadth,mesatiskelic type,male is long trunk,female is middle trunk,male is broad distance between iliac crests,female is medium distance between iliac crests.Height index is hypermiddle.(3)The thigh and calf circumference of Mosuo gradually reduce with age increasing,only thigh circumference female greater than male,biggest vital capacity is in 20-years,strongest upper extremity is in 50-years.The development of upper arm and calf of Mosuo at a higher level,head circumference is larger,thicker thigh,forearm more slender,and most close to Han in Yunnan,have the characteristics of the northern ethnic groups in China.(4)The subcutaneous fat of face,trunk and limbs co-development and trunk is higher than the limbs.Female body subcutaneous fat development is higher than male.Skinfold thickness indicators are pairwise correlation,the development of skinfold thickness between southern and northern ethnic groups.(5)Male body is endo-mesomorph category,female is endoderm-mesodermal equilibrium.Female is relatively plump than male,muscle and bone underdeveloped,poor linearity.Mosuo body is closest to Bouyei,closer to Han and Mongolia in Yunnan,not close to Bargud Mongolian.(6)Compared with ethnic groups in southwestern China and Mongolia ethnic groups,Mosuo have the characteristics of North Asian ethnic groups,and may be influenced by Naxi and Pumi in the formation of their physique.(7)The rate of left-type hand clasping,protruding nasal profile and forehead hairline of Mosuo male are higher than female,percentage of eyefold of the upper eyelid female is higher than male.Tongue rolling correlate with tongue twisting,pointed tongue,and clover-leaf tongue respectively,foot preference correlate with hand clasping,handedness and arm folding respectively,eye preference correlate with leg folding,mongoloid fold correlate with nose shape.Mosuo is far from Mongolia ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia and close to southern ethnic groups.In terms of physique,Mosuo is mainly characterized by North Asia Mongolian;In terms of population genetics,Mosuo is mainly characterized by South Asia Mongolian.