| In this experiment,we used pugionium cornutum and Allium mongolicum Regel.as test materials to analyze the growth of two different sandy vegetables in different substrates of non-tilled land and soil amendments of tilled land.The soilless substrate formulations and soil improvement methods for cultivation in arable land were screened for sand onion and sand mustard.The non-cultivated substrate screening was conducted in a pot test,and 10 different formulations of substrates were made from sand,sheep manure,rotted corn straw,straw biochar,grass charcoal and vermiculite;cultivation in arable land was conducted in a cultivation tank,and five different formulations of substrates were made by mixing sand from the native habitat of Maohuusu sand with soil from the artificial cultivation base at a certain volume ratio.By measuring the physical and chemical properties of the substrates,the plant height,dry and fresh weight,chlorophyll,leaf nitrogen content and yield of the sand onion and sand mustard plants and other 19 indexes,the research screened out the substrate formulations that are convenient to obtain,low cost and suitable for the cultivation of sand onion and sand mustard in non-cultivated land and cultivated land,and provided relevant theoretical and technical basis for the promotion and application of sandy vegetable cultivation.The main research results are as follows:(1)Screening of sand onion and sand mustard for non-tillage substrate cultivation(b)Sand onion: plant height was significantly higher in T5(5:1:1:1:1:1:1:1 for sand:sheep manure:straw:straw biochar:straw biochar:straw charcoal:vermiculite),T9(2:2:2:2:0:2 for sand:sheep manure:straw:straw biochar:straw charcoal:vermiculite)and T4(6:2:0:2:0:0 for sand:sheep manure:straw:straw biochar:straw charcoal:vermiculite)treatments than the rest of treatments;T10 had the significantly longest root length of 15.8cm,followed by T4 and T2 with 13.47 cm and 12.17 cm,respectively,and the highest number of roots T5,showing significant differences with the other treatments,followed by T10 and T4;chlorophyll content T5 was the highest at 21.97,not significantly different from T9 and T4,but significantly higher than the other treatments;leaf nitrogen content T5 was significantly the highest Yield T5 was the highest with an average of 3350.87 kg/hm2,which was significantly higher than the rest of the treatments and 1.22 times higher than the lowest substrate formulation T3.Sand mustard: plants in treatments T5(sand: sheep manure: straw: straw biochar:straw biochar: straw charcoal: vermiculite was 5:1:1:1:1:1:1),T7(sand: sheep manure:straw: straw biochar: straw charcoal: vermiculite was 4:2:4:0:0:2)and T6(sand: sheep manure: straw: straw biochar: straw charcoal: vermiculite was 4:2:0:2:0:0)had good plant growth and plant height was significantly higher than the remaining treatments;plants in the T3(6:2:2:0:0:0:0 for sand: sheep manure: straw: straw biochar: straw charcoal:vermiculite)treatment grew the worst and plant height was significantly lower than the remaining treatments.aboveground dry and fresh weight and belowground dry and fresh weight of T5 sand mustard were the highest among all substrate formulations,while aboveground dry and fresh weight of T3 was the lowest,28.19% and 30.51% of T5,respectively.Root length T5 was significantly the longest with an average of 27.97 cm,which was not significantly different from T6,but significantly higher than the rest of the treatments.The number of sand mustard roots T5 was the highest,not significantly different from T6 but significantly higher than the rest of the treatments.Chlorophyll content T5 was the highest at 46.57,significantly higher than T3,but not significantly different from the rest of the treatments,and the size was maintained between 37.33 and46.57,while T3 was the lowest at 23.80,which was 51.11% of T5.Leaf nitrogen content T5 was the highest at 17.80 mg/g,significantly higher than T3,but not significantly different from the rest of the treatments.Yield T5 was the highest,followed by T7 and T6,both significantly higher than the rest of the treatments,15.06%,11.40% and 10.64%higher than the lowest substrate formulation T3,respectively.The physical properties of the soils in T5,T4,T6,T7 and T9 had smaller substrate capacity,larger total porosity and aeration pores,good physical properties,relatively high organic matter content,total N,phosphorus and potassium content in soil nutrients,and significantly higher alkaline nitrogen,fast-acting phosphorus and fast-acting potassium content than the rest of the treatments,and sufficient fertility to basically meet the growth needs of sand onion and sand mustard.From the correlation analysis,it was concluded that in the non-tilled substrate,the yield of sand onion was significantly positively correlated with water-holding pore space and root length(P < 0.05),highly significantly positively correlated with root to crown ratio,leaf N content and total potassium content(P < 0.01),and negatively correlated with soil salinity(P < 0.05);the yield of sand mustard was significantly positively correlated with water-holding pore space(P < 0.05)and root to crown ratio,chlorophyll content,leaf N content,root length and root number(P < 0.05).root crown ratio,chlorophyll content,leaf N content,root length,root number and fast-acting phosphorus were significantly positively correlated(P < 0.01).According to the principal component analysis,the combined scores were higher for the sand onion T5,T9 and T4 substrates and highest for the sand mustard T5,T7 and T6 cultivated substrates.Therefore,T5,T9 and T4 are more suitable for the extension application of non-tillage substrate cultivation of sand onion,and T5,T7 and T6 are more suitable for cultivation and extension in non-tillage substrates of sand mustard.(2)Soil improvement methods for cultivation of sand onion and sand mustard in arable landSand onion: Under A4(soil: sand = 2:1)treatment,the highest height of sand onion plant was 16.82 cm,and the highest aboveground dry and fresh weight and belowground dry and fresh weight were significantly higher,1.83,1.63,1.40 and 3.02 times higher than A1(pure sand),and 4.30,2.47,1.52 and 2.58 times higher than A5(pure soil).root length of A4 was the longest,12.33 cm,A5 had the shortest root length of 7.3 cm,and A2,A3,and A4 all had significantly higher root length than A1(pure sand)and A5(pure soil).Sand onion A4 treatment had the highest chlorophyll SPAD value of 24.87,which was significantly different from A3 and A5;leaf nitrogen content was the highest in A4 at 10.67mg/g and the lowest in A1 at 1.57 mg/g,which was 14.71% of A4.Sand mustard plant height was the highest under sand mustard:A4(soil:sand=2:1)treatment at 32.48 cm,and aboveground dry and fresh weight and belowground dry and fresh weight A4 were significantly the highest,1.85,1.44,1.07 and 3.20 times higher than A1(pure sand)and 3.88,4.09,1.94 and 6.37 times higher than A5(pure soil),respectively.Root length A4 was significantly the longest at 26.73 cm and A5 was the shortest at 16 cm,which was 59.86% of A4.Root number A4 was the highest and not significantly different from A1,but significantly higher than the rest of the treatments and A5 was the least.Chlorophyll content A4 was the highest at 35.23 and significantly different from A5(pure soil).Leaf nitrogen content A4 was significantly higher than A2 and A5,with non-significant differences from A1 and A3.In arable cultivation,both sand mustard and sandy onion had the highest yield in A4 treatment and the lowest yield in A5 treatment,indicating the clear advantage of growing sandy onion and sand mustard in A4.Based on the correlation analysis it was concluded that the yield of sand onion was significantly positively correlated with water holding pore space,root length and fast-acting phosphorus(P < 0.05)and highly significantly positively correlated with root crown ratio,root number and organic matter(P < 0.01);the yield of sand mustard was significantly positively correlated with water holding pore space(P <0.05)and highly significantly positively correlated with root crown ratio,chlorophyll content,leaf N content,root length,root number and fast-acting phosphorus(P < 0.01).From the principal component analysis,the highest overall scores were obtained for both sand onion and sand mustard in A4 treatment,indicating that A4 substrate is more suitable for the promotion of sand mustard and sand onion in arable cultivation. |
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