Research On The Evolutionary Game Of Green Operations In Supply Chains Considering Government Incentives And Penalties

The achievement of the national “dual carbon” strategy requires enterprises to reduce carbon emissions in their operations,and a key element in this process is the collaboration of green supply chain operations.Greening supply chain operations can promote product production and marketing greening and help enterprises improve their business performance.However,as supply chain enterprises need to invest in green efforts to participate in green operations,it will weaken the incentive of supply chain enterprises to increase green investment,leading to the low greenness of the whole supply chain.Government-implemented incentives and penalties will promote green supply chain operations,mainly in the form of government penalties that will increase the cost of non-green supply chain production and marketing,and government incentives and subsidies that will reduce the cost pressure of green supply chain operations.This paper compares the role of government incentives and penalties in promoting green supply chain operations,considers the vital role of green operation collaboration among supply chains in promoting carbon emission reduction,and then considers the double costs of retailers’ participation in green operations,the double benefits of manufacturers’ low-carbon production under government subsidies,the rate of increase of green benefits and carbon trading policies to construct a tripartite evolution game model of government,retailers,and manufacturers under the perspective of government incentives and penalties,explores the interactions between the strategies of the subjects and the influence of key variables on the evolutionary stability of the system,and conducts parametric sensitivity simulations through Matlab R2022 b software.The study results show that among supply chain enterprises,both the increase in the price of carbon trading and the increase in the retailer subsidy rate is conducive to manufacturers adopting low-carbon production strategies.Moreover,as the benefits of green collaboration increase,the rate at which retailers and manufacturers evolve to engage in green operational collaboration accelerates.Between the government and supply chain enterprises,the willingness of either party to the game to make strategic choices is related to both its own strategic factors and the willingness of the other two parties to make strategic choices;retailers are more sensitive to increased government green marketing subsidies than to increased government penalties;manufacturers are more sensitive to increased government subsidies for low-carbon production than to increased government penalties;there is variation in the indirect effect of increased government subsidies to either side of the supply chain enterprises on incentivising the other side to engage in green operational collaboration;the role of government incentive subsidies in promoting green operational collaboration of supply chain enterprises is higher than that of penalty-only strategies,but the government should keep the increase of both low-carbon production subsidies and green marketing subsidies within a reasonable range to show that all three parties in the game have efficient collaboration,otherwise,there will be a situation that the government uses penalties instead of regulation.The paper further proposes countermeasures and recommendations based on the study’s findings.The government needs to increase green subsidies for both sides of the supply chain;otherwise,it will be difficult to encourage supply chain enterprises to collaborate in green operations indirectly.The government should also pay particular attention to strengthening the penalties for enterprises that do not participate in green operations so that punitive measures can force supply chain enterprises to participate in green operations.At the same time,the carbon emissions trading market should be improved,and carbon emissions trading should be regulated.Supply chain enterprises should enhance their awareness of responsibility and the long-term benefits of green collaboration and actively use the government’s incentives and penalties to achieve green operation collaboration.