| Since the 20 th century,the size of scientific laboratories has undergone important changes from small to large.In the past,laboratories were small and consisted of a single scientist or a small number of scientists,but now laboratories have developed into huge scales of multinational cooperation.At the same time,the composition of researchers in the laboratory has also changed from single to multiple.In a large laboratory,scientists and engineers are the main groups,and they need to cooperate to complete the construction of the laboratory,the conduct of scientific experiments,and the proof of scientific theories.However,due to cultural differences between scientists and engineers,conflicts and conflicts sometimes occur between their communities during the cooperation process,and even affect the progress of the entire project.Therefore,in order to strengthen interdisciplinary communication and cooperation,and to improve mutual understanding and respect among personnel with different professional and cultural backgrounds,it is very necessary to study the cultural differences between science and engineering.This article explores the relationship between science and engineering from two perspectives: history and place,and how the two groups of scientists and engineers began to establish a cooperative relationship,and compares the basic construction and operation process of the Superconducting Super Collider(SSC)project in the United States.We will analyze the conflict between scientists and engineers in the era of big science and compare the differences between the two cultures and their causes,and then propose suggestions and countermeasures to balance the relationship between the two communities in China’s big science projects based on the current situation of big science research development in China.This article is mainly divided into three parts,consisting of introduction,body and conclusion.Among them,the text consists of chapters two to four,the contents are as follows:The first section of the second chapter clarifies the relationship between science and engineering from the perspective of different historical periods,and divides the relationship between science and engineering into three stages in macro time: the separation before the 16 th century,and the separation between the 17 th and 20 th centuries.The preliminary intersection at the beginning and the in-depth cooperation after the 1950 s.On the basis of the timeline combing in the first section,the second section further explores the encounter scenarios of the two groups of scientists and engineers from the perspective of places: the encounter between scientists and engineers first took place in the laboratory,but the early experiments There are no engineers in the laboratory.It was not until the end of the 18 th century and the beginning of the 19 th century that engineers began to gradually enter the laboratory.The two communities began to contact during the development of the laboratory.When two cultures meet and become inseparable afterwards,a struggle for control arises in the laboratory after two cultures meet.The content of the third chapter uses specific cases to observe and explore the state of interaction between the two cultures in specific large-scale scientific projects,and analyze the phenomena caused by cultural differences.That is,the first section takes the Superconducting Super Collider built in the United States from 1984 to 1994 as an example to discuss the cooperation process of the two cultures of science and engineering in the era of big science,that is,in the process of project operation,project management,and program decision-making,the phenomenon of brain drain and community conflicts are expanding due to cultural differences between each other.Understand and analyze the state of the cultural integration of the two communities of engineers and scientists in specific cases,and also explain the reasons for the cultural differences brought about by the failure of the SSC project.In the second section,combing through the cases,the internal cause of the difference in community culture between scientists and engineers lies in the difference in cultural status caused by the dualism of knowledge.The difference in epistemology further leads to the difference in group culture in the community.On this basis,due to the environment The external factors of both the system and the system make this cultural difference further expand.The fourth chapter briefly summarizes the current situation of my country’s large scientific research in both practice and theory,and combines the analysis and conclusions of the previous chapters to summarize the suggestions and countermeasures for balancing the differences between the two cultures.my country’s big scientific research has achieved certain achievements and development in practice,but it is still in the catch-up stage in the world.Theoretical research involves in-depth analysis from multiple angles,dimensions and aspects.For engineering and science in the era of big science There is less attention and analysis of the two cultures,and the phenomenon similar to the cultural differences in SSC also commonly exists in my country’s large science projects.Combining the failure experience of SSC and based on the current situation of our country,in order to balance the cultural differences between the two communities of scientists and engineers in the age of big science,we should coordinate the distribution of power controlled by the two communities,maintain a harmonious working culture atmosphere,and ensure that both The healthy communication between the communities,the establishment of a reasonable decision-making mechanism. |
