A Study On The Statistical Measure And Decomposition Of The Unequal Opportunity Of Income Distribution In China

At present,China’s economy has shifted to a stage of high-quality development.the realization of fair and reasonable income distribution is highly concerned by government departments and scholars.It is very important to realize fair and reasonable income distribution and solve the problem of unequal opportunity in income distribution.Therefore,the objective and reasonable quantification of income opportunity inequality is the prerequisite for the government to regulate income inequality.This paper will focus on the measurement of income opportunity inequality and the decomposition of influencing factors.This paper adopts the method of combining theoretical and empirical research,and uses the China comprehensive social survey data(CGSS)in 2012,2013,2015 and 2017.Nine variables,such as income,age,gender,education level,registered residence,region,family level,parent education and father employment,were selected to measure the inequality of opportunity.Firstly,we use regression tree and random forest algorithm to check the impact of environmental variables on income through machine algorithm;Secondly,the parameter method is used to construct the counterfactual income equation,and the statistical indicators are selected to measure the degree of income opportunity inequality;Then the environmental factors are decomposed by shapley decomposition method;It further analyzes the indirect impact of environmental variables on the degree of effort,the counteraction effect of effort on opportunity inequality,and the impact of controlling environment and Post-s effort on income;Finally,divide different groups for further comparative analysis.The conclusions are as follows: income inequality and opportunity inequality still exist and remain high;Regional factors(registered residence and region)are the most important factors in inequality.Individual efforts can effectively reduce inequality of opportunity;The reform of economic system has resulted in the different impact of people’s efforts on income in different years;Income inequality,inequality of opportunity and the influencing factors are different among different registered residence,provinces and gender groups.Therefore,we can give resource preference and policy assistance through the external policies of the state,the government and the society.We should not treat the factors that cannot be changed negatively.We should give full play to the role of effort factors and try to eliminate the income opportunity inequality caused by uncontrollable variables.