| Baiyangdian Wetland is the largest shallow lake ecosystem in the North China Plain,with a total area of 366km2.Its landform is dominated by wetland.The reed fields,terraces and villages are staggered among the waters to form a unique natural landscape.It plays an important role in buffering floods,storing water for irrigation,supplementing groundwater,and maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance.Therefore,the protection and restoration of its ecological environment has an important impact on the rapid development of the economic construction of Xiongan New Area.Human activities,such as production and domestic water and sewage discharge,will change the amount of water resources and water quality in wetlands,thus causing adverse effects on wetland ecosystems.In this paper,the secondgeneration High-throughput Sequencing technology was used to analyze the community structure and diversity of bacteria,fungi and archaea in the water body of Baiyangdian Lake.The ecological protection measures of Baiyangdian wetland provide theoretical support.The specific results are as follows :(1)The changes of hydrology and water quality from north to south in Dian District were studied.Ph,TN,TP,NH4+-N,NO3--N,and COD of the Fuhe River entering Diankou were higher than those of the other three sampling points.It is NBN(sparse village area)> NBX(residential breeding area)> NBD(travel area with frequent human social activities)> NBB(Fu River entering Diankou),that is,it gradually gets better from north to south.The results show that the input of pollutants from the upstream rivers and the human production and living activities in the Dian District have a great impact on the wetland water body;under the combined effect of exogenous pollution and endogenous pollution,the water quality can still get better and better as it goes deeper into the Dian District.It shows that the wetland has a strong self-purification ability.We should protect the wetland ecology as much as possible,and prevent it from being destroyed,causing the wetland area to shrink rapidly.(2)The changes of the microbial community in the Baiyangdian wetland water were studied.The abundance of the bacterial community in the area with richer nutrients,especially the area with high nitrogen content,will increase.There are 12 phyla and 33 genera of bacteria in the water body,among which the main dominant bacterial phylum is Proteobacteria and the main dominant bacterial genus is Thiobacillus.There are few types of archaea in the water body,and the community diversity is significantly lower than that of fungi and bacteria,and the community structure of each sample site is basically the same at the phylum and genus levels.Crenarchaeota is absolutely dominant in all water samples.There were 11 phyla and33 genera in the fungal community,of which Ascomycota had the highest overall abundance.The changes of environmental factors caused by upstream river discharge and human life discharge have a more significant impact on bacterial and fungal community structure than archaeal community.Environmental factors,including water p H,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus,alter the microbial diversity and community structure by affecting the relative abundance of major microbial species.(3)The similarities and differences of the responses of water microbial communities to human activities were studied.TN content was the main factor affecting bacterial community diversity,and both bacterial and fungal taxa were mainly affected by p H and TN and TP content.Combined with the analysis of the response of water microbial community structure to physical and chemical factors,it can be seen that environmental changes caused by human activities have a strong impact on microbial diversity and community structure. |
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