Study On The Technical Characteristics And Physical Distribution Pattern Of 200m Medley Elite Athletes At Home And Abroad

Objective:The physical distribution of 200 m medley athletes and the stroke technique in the course are the important factors that affect the performance of the race.Therefore,this paper makes a comparative analysis on the stroke technical characteristics and physical distribution mode of individual 200 m medley final athletes in the middle swimming in three domestic championships and three international competitions,in order to improve the scientific guidance basis for the training of Chinese 200 m medley athletes in the later stage,and thus improve their sports performance.Methods:In this paper,the stroke technical parameters of 200 m individual medley and the sectional results of 50 m of each stroke in 6 important competitions at home and abroad were obtained through the method of documentation,video shooting and video analysis.Using Bonferroni post-mortem test and Pearson correlation,two-way ANOVA was used to conduct corresponding statistical analysis on the above parameters for gender and grade level,and p <0.05 was considered significant difference,and p <0.01 was considered very significant difference.Results:1.Overall,the top eight top 200 m individual medley athletes' swimming speed on the way is significantly higher than that of domestic athletes,and there is a significant difference in the stage of butterfly,backstroke and freestyle(p<0.05 or p<0.01).Moreover,the stroke frequency and stroke amplitude of male and female athletes at home and abroad were significantly different in backstroke and butterfly stroke respectively(p<0.05 or p<0.01).2.Compared with the top three foreign elite athletes,the difference of speed,stroke frequency and stroke amplitude of domestic elite athletes on the way is small,which is mainly reflected in the speed of backstroke and breaststroke(p<0.05).However,the difference was more obvious for women.The swimming speed of the four swimming styles was significantly higher than that in China(p<0.05 or p<0.01),and the stroke frequency of backstroke(p<0.05)and stroke amplitude of butterfly(p<0.05).The swimming speed of the last five domestic athletes was significantly lower than that of the foreign high level athletes in both male and female,and showed significant difference(p<0.05 or p<0.01).The stroke frequency of the men was mainly reflected in the backstroke,breaststroke and freestyle(p<0.05 or p<0.01).For women,the difference was caused by the stroke frequency(p<0.05)in backstroke and stroke amplitude(p<0.01)in butterfly.3.In the 200 m medley race,the men's backstroke and women's breaststroke are highly correlated with the final result(r>0.70,p<0.01).Interestingly,for medalists,backstroke was highly correlated with final performance(r>0.70,p<0.01).The last five swimmers were highly correlated with freestyle(r>0.60,p<0.01).4.The butterfly stroke is the fastest swimming stroke in the 200 m medley at home and abroad,both for men and women.However,the time spent in freestyle swimming was more by male athletes at home and abroad(p<0.05).Women spent more time in breaststroke(p<0.05).There was no significant difference in the class level among domestic athletes(p>0.05),but there was significant difference in the stage of butterfly stroke among foreign athletes(p< 0.05).Conclusions:1.No matter what gender or class level the domestic and foreign top athletes of200 m individual medley are,they all adopt the speed allocation mode of "accelerating first,then decelerating and then accelerating",that is,the parabolic race rhythm strategy.The difference of stroke technique is mainly manifested in the stage of butterfly stroke and backstroke,which is specifically manifested in the lower stroke frequency and smaller stroke width in the stage of backstroke.2.A survey of 200 m medley athletes at home and abroad shows that butterfly is the fastest stroke,followed by freestyle.But in terms of gender,both domestic and foreign male athletes spend more time in freestyle,while women spend more time in breaststroke.3.No matter whether the swimming level is high or low,there is no significant difference between the domestic and foreign 200 m athletes in the physical distribution mode,but the medalists pay more attention to the backstroke stage,while the last five athletes mostly adopt the backstroke race rhythm,especially in the freestyle.4.Chinese 200 m athletes should adopt active competition strategies,especially under the guidance of coaches,to gradually improve the stroke training in the butterfly stage and the stroke frequency training in the backstroke stage,and then improve the competition results.