Research On Environmental Factors That May Affect The Accuracy Of On-The-Spot Penalty Of CBA Referees

With the strong support of General Administration of Sport of China and Chinese Basketball Association at all levels,the development of the CBA is in the ascendant.The release of a series of policies,documents,and plans such as "Measures for the Administration of Referees in Sports Competitions","Management Measures and Implementation Rules for Referees of the CBA","CBA Reform Opens 2.0 Era" have greatly promoted the development of the officiating industry.Referees are an integral part of the basketball game,and their penalties directly determine the outcome of the game.Therefore,the training of the referee echelon and its level of officiating have received extensive attention from all walks of life.The CBA is the highest-level basketball tournament in China,and the referees selected are all top-level.Nevertheless,the accuracy of the referee's penalty is still a very prominent problem in the league.A great deal of information illustrates that the environment is an important factor that affects the accuracy of referees' penalties.On the basis of the actual situation of the CBA,this research discusses the factors that influence the accuracy of CBA referees'penalties from the perspective of environmental psychology.It provides a theoretical basis for further research on reducing the proportion of referees' wrong penalties and improving the accuracy of penalties from the perspective of environmental factors.Thus,make a modest contribution to the development of Chinese basketball career.This research is based on environmental psychology,using literature data method,expert interview method,questionnaire survey method,etc.Based the four main components of noise,potential environment,personal space and territoriality,high density and crowdedness.Firstly,constructing an index system for environmental factors affecting the accuracy of CBA referees' on-the-spot penalty.Secondly,the exploratory factor analysis(EFA)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)were used to modify and establish.Finally,applying the Independent Sample T Test to analyze the different levels of the CBA.Basketball referees of different ages compared the environmental influence factors of each principal component,and the research conclusions are as follows:1.The environmental impact factor scale index system of the Accuracy of on-thespot Penalty of CBA Referees includes 4 first-level indicators,8 second-level indicators and 21 third-level indicators,and finally forms a measurement model with good fit.The four first-level indicators are "noise","potential environment","personal space and territoriality",and "high density and crowdedness".Compare and analyze the average scores of the influence of the four principal component factors.The rank from high to low is potential environment,noise,personal space and territoriality,high density and crowdedness.2.Referees of different levels have different degrees of influence on the environmental factors in the on-the-spot penalty.The difference in noise factors between the national and international levels is not significant,and their noise has a giant impact on their penalties;There are significant differences between the national and international levels in terms of potential environment,personal space and territoriality,high density and congestion factors,moreover,the national level is more susceptible to it when calling on-the-spot penalty.3.Referees of different ages have different degrees of influence on the environmental factors in the on-the-spot penalty.There are significant differences in noise,potential environment,personal space and territoriality,high density and crowdedness factors between groups under 40 and those over 40 years old.The interference on the principal component factors is greater than that of the 40-year-old and above group.4.Generally speaking,the older referees are less affected by environmental factors,the higher the level of referees,the less affected by environmental factors,and vice versa.