Effects Of Workplace Ostracism On Employees' Work Behaviors And Performance

Recently workplace violence incidents have occurred frequently in our country,and the widespread workplace ostracism phenomenon in all kinds of social organizations attracts social attentions again.For employees,workplace ostracism is a painful and negative work experience.It will not only lead to emotional exhaustion of employees,but also affect their control of personal work resources.For the teams or organizations,it is also a potential risk factor affecting the interests of the team,which not only hinders the development of the team work,but also is not conducive to the formation of a harmonious and stable interpersonal relationship within the team.Therefore,workplace ostracism has attached a lot of attentions of scholars,the early researches focused on the direct relation between the workplace ostracism and employees' job performance,and the later scholars began to explore the moderated variables which effect the direction or intensity of relationship between the workplace ostracism and work behaviors,and they also examined the mediation mechanism of workplace ostracism.So far,some achievements have been made in the field of workplace ostracism research.Looking back on previous studies,scholars' research results of the impact of workplace ostracism on employees' work behaviors are not completely consistent.In order to find out the impact of workplace ostracism on employees' work behaviors and get a more universal conclusion,this paper uses the meta-analysis method and explores the impact of workplace ostracism on employees' counterproductive work behavior and job performance,based on the relevant empirical studies from 2007 to 2019.From the perspectives of social exchange theory and resource conservation theory,this paper introduces the national cultural differences as a situational moderated variable in the field of workplace ostracism research,and attempts to explore the moderated effects of employee's job characteristics,regional economic development,and rigor of research design on the relationship between workplace ostracism and work behaviors.In order to open the black box behind the effect of workplace ostracism on counterproductive work behavior,based on the empirical results of previous studies on organizational self-esteem,this paper uses the meta-analysis method to examine whether organizational self-esteem plays a mediate role in the correlation between workplace ostracism and counterproductive work behavior.The meta-analysis results indicated that the correlation of workplace ostracism and counterproductive work behavior is moderately large(r = 0.53),and the moderated effect test results of the national culture shows that,in the culture background of low power distance,obviously individualism tendency,high uncertainty avoidance,short-term oriented and high indulgence,the positive effect of workplace ostracism on counterproductive work behavior of employees is stronger.The relationship between workplace ostracism and counterproductive work behavior is also moderated by the degree of regional economic development.The stronger the region economy is,the weaker the correlation between the workplace ostracism and counterproductive work behavior.In addition,the meta-analysis result also shows that the correlation of workplace ostracism and job performance is moderately large(r = 0.31).In the culture background of high power distance,obviously collectivism tendency,masculine tendency,weak uncertainty avoidance,long-term oriented and low indulgence,the negative effect of workplace ostracism on job performance is stronger.The differences in employees' work characteristics also moderated the above relationship.Compared with productive workers,knowledge workers have a greater negative impact on their job performance facing workplace ostracism.The relationship between workplace ostracism and job performance is also moderated by the level of regional economic development.The stronger the region economy is,the stronger the correlation between the workplace ostracism and job performance.In terms of the research design stage,the rigor of the research design has a significant moderated effect on the correlation between workplace ostracism and work behaviors.The more rigorous the research design is,the more likely it is to avoid the negative influence of common method bias on the research results.Finally,the results of meta-analysis structural equation model test shows that the organizational self-esteem plays a partial mediated role in the relationship between workplace ostracism and counterproductive work behavior.The study helps comb the research status of workplace ostracism for future research about national culture's potential impact,the selection of survey samples and the design of empirical research are developed based on the results of meta-analysis.