Research On FANET Routing Mechanism Based On Spatial Cluster Optimization

A large number of surface infrastructure is always damaged in the aftermath of natural disasters such as earthquakes,tsunamis,and floods,leading the interruption of the connectivity of network information transmission in the stricken areas,which affects the rapid and effective development of rescue work seriously.Therefore,realizing the rapid and reliable communication recovery in the target area in the aftermath of disaster is one of the crucial topics in the field of emergency communication research.Wireless ad hoc networks have become the main technologies in emergency communication system since they are not restricted by infrastructure.The deployment of wireless sensor nodes to realize multi-hop networking,however,is often difficult to achieve wide-area coverage owing to the harsh conditions on the surface in the aftermath of disaster.Besides,satellite communication is also difficult to achieve efficient and fast network deployment and information retransmission due to the location constraints and time delay of the satelliteto-ground link.As an emerging ad hoc network,flying ad hoc network(FANET)can be deployed in the air without being disturbed by ground obstacle,and unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)can establish communication connections with users directly,which has become a crucial support for post-disaster response and information recovery.Compared to classic two-dimensional plane network architectures,however,faster UAV movement speed,more frequent topology changes,and more severe link jitter make efficient and reliable data retransmission in rescue scenarios facing great challenges.Therefore,a lowaltitude FANET emergency communication network model is built based on the actual requirements of network communication recovery in post-disaster rescue scenarios in this paper,and a FANET routing scheme based on spatial clustering is proposed to achieve efficient and reliable information retransmission in the target area.Firstly,in view of the limitations of post-disaster environment and the particularity of disaster response,a three-dimensional FANET communication is constructed for the problem of communication quality degradation caused by the high mobility of UAV nodes in this paper,and the hierarchical network architecture of FANET is improved based on the biological heuristic algorithm Subsequently,an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)mechanism is designed in this paper by optimizing parameters and fusing algorithm in order to improve the defect that the standard PSO scheme is prone to local stagnation and loss of solution accuracy.The location accuracy of nodes is crucial to the clustering efficiency of location-based clustering routing schemes.Compared with the two-dimensional plane network,the increased vertical gradient in FANET makes the network scale increase sharply,resulting in a geometric increase in the complexity of node positioning.Moreover,ranging-based positioning algorithms are easily affected by noise and cause large errors in large-scale networks.Therefore,a UAV positioning algorithm in three-dimensional FANET will be designed,the node ranging model will be established,the blind nodes positioning objective function will be designed,and the IPSO scheme will be introduced to optimize the node positioning accuracy.In the multi-hop transmission network,nodes close to the base station(BS)are responsible for forwarding data from other nodes in addition to their own communication.In the cluster formation stage,the fixed and uniform cluster division is likely to cause the energy hotspots due to the uneven overhead of nodes.In this paper,the calculation model of the optimal number of cluster heads(CH)will be designed according to the energy attributes of nodes,the non-uniform clustering scheme of nodes will be established based on the location of UAV,and the evaluation scheme of node residual energy and distance factor is perfected in the cluster to complete the selection of the optimal CH.Furthermore,aiming at the communication interruption caused by the frequent changes of network topology,a cluster maintenance mechanism will be designed to ensure the stable cluster communication.The unstable communication link will cause frequent data retransmission in the data transmission stage,causing high transmission delay.An evaluation model of effective communication duration between nodes will be constructed in this paper,and a trade-off mechanism between link reliability and spatial distance will be established to achieve reliable intercluster routing.Finally,a simulation environment is built to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm.The results show that the designed positioning algorithm achieves higher positioning accuracy and coverage;the proposed routing protocol is superior to similar algorithms in terms of cluster lifetime,energy consumption,data transmission delay,and network throughput,thus providing important technical support for the rapid recovery of the information network and emergency response in the target area in the aftermath of disasters.