Study On Energy Balanced Clustering Routing Algorithms For Ring-based Wireless Sensor Networks

Currently,WSNs(Wireless Sensor Networks)are widely used in smart medical,smart transportation,military reconnaissance,medical care,and space exploration.In the current era of big data and artificial intelligence,higher requirements are put forward for the perception,computing and communication capabilities of WSNs.Therefore,energy saving and prolonging the lifetime of the network are given more important connotations.Energy saving by dividing the network into rings has become a hot research direction.In the ring-based wireless sensor networks,the clustering routing algorithm has a huge impact on the energy efficiency,energy balance,expansion and reliability of the network.Therefore,this paper studies the clustering routing algorithm of ring-based WSNs from the aspects of determining the optimal number of clusters in the ring,selecting the optimal cluster head,and searching for the optimal routing path.The specific contents include:(1)In order to solve the problems of excessive communication energy consumption of nodes in the WSNs cluster,short network lifetime and poor scalability,a clustering algorithm for ring-based WSNs CAROC(Clustering Algorithm for Ring wireless sensor networks based on Optimal Cluster head number)is proposed.The algorithm is based on the principle of minimum energy consumption per ring in the network.First,the optimal number of cluster heads in each ring is calculated through theoretical analysis.Then,according to the optimal number of cluster heads per ring,each ring of the network is divided into corresponding number of clusters of equal size.Finally,consider the ratio of the optimal number of cluster heads in each ring to the number of nodes in the corresponding ring,the remaining energy of the node,and the relationship between the shortest distance from cluster member nodes to cluster head and the distance from cluster head to base station to select the optimal cluster head.CAROC can effectively solve the problem of excessive communication energy consumption of nodes in the WSNs cluster.The simulation results show that this algorithm has obvious advantages over other algorithms in improving network energy efficiency and scalability and extending the lifetime of the network.(2)In order to solve the problem of unbalanced energy consumption caused by excessive energy load of cluster heads and single-hop data transmission,a new algorithm EMRA(Energy-balanced Multi-hop clustering Routing Algorithm for ring wireless sensor networks).Based on the LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy),this algorithm is oriented to ring-based WSNs.In the setup phase,the cluster head management node is introduced to reduce the energy load of the original cluster head.In the steady state stage,data is transmitted by considering the relationship between the energy consumption of the communication from the cluster head to the cluster head management node and the communication energy consumption from cluster head to base station,and the relationship between the shortest distance between the cluster head and the management node of the cluster head and the distance between the cluster head and the base station to transmit data,reducing the energy consumption of network communication.The simulation results indicate that the EMRA algorithm not only decreases the energy consumption of cluster heads,but also has better performance than LEACH algorithm in terms of balancing network energy consumption and extending the network lifetime.(3)In order to further solve the energy "hot spot" problem caused by the uneven energy consumption of nodes in WSNs,a ring cluster routing algorithm based on swarm intelligence optimization CRPL(Cluster routing algorithm for Ring wireless sensor network based on Particle swarm and Lion swarm)is proposed.The algorithm uses Lion's Algorithm(LOA)to elect cluster heads.The objective function of LOA is determined by the energy of the node,the distance from the node to the base station,the number of neighbor nodes covered by the node's communication range,and the proportion of the cluster head occupying the ring.At the same time,during the data transmission process,the objective function takes into account the four factors of the distance from the cluster head to the base station,the number of cluster member nodes,the remaining energy of the next hop cluster head,and the distance from the next hop cluster head to the straight line between the current cluster head and the base station.Simulation results show that,compared with CAROC algorithm and EMRA algorithm,this algorithm not only balances the energy consumption of the network,but also greatly prolongs the lifetime of the network.This paper is oriented to ring wireless sensor networks,with the goal of minimizing network energy consumption.Different solutions are proposed from the determination of the number of clusters,the election of cluster heads,clustering and routing,which solves the problems of uneven energy consumption and short network lifetime in WSNs.The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified from the aspects of network energy consumption,lifetime,scalability,and balance,which has a certain role in promoting the theoretical development of ring-based wireless sensor networks.