The Cluster-based Multi-path Routing Algorithm For WSN Based On Energy Balance

With the rapid development of the computer technology, sensor technology, communication technology, embedded system technology, network technology, distributed information processing technology, the research on the wireless sensor network(WSN), which is easily distributed and low power, is becoming more and more popular in world. The WSN is widely used in various fields, including military, agriculture, medical monitoring, environmental protection and other related fields. Compared with the traditional computer network, the WSN is an application-oriented and data-centric network, which is composed of a large number of small, cheap, low energy sensor nodes and limited by the energy resource, computing ability, and storage ability. The deployment of the WSN is more complex and it is difficult to supply electric power after the deployment, thus, traditional routing mechanism does not suit wireless sensor network. We must design a special route protocol to adapt it.In some applications, WSN are required to be able to self-organized into a reliable network, which provides data packet stability, high throughput and energy efficient transmission. In this paper, we mainly study on the clustering protocol and the routing protocol of WSN based on the energy balance of the whole network. Considering the energy consumption of the clustering and data transmission, a cluster-based multi-path routing algorithm of WSN based on energy balanced is proposed in this paper. The main works of this thesis are as follows:(1). This paper mainly optimized the LEACH in order to balance the energy consumption of the whole network. For the clustering of the network, firstly, calculate the optimized number of the clusters, then optimize the clustering process with the improved PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm, in which, the fitness function considers the residual energy of the cluster heads, the distance between the cluster head and the sink node, the node distribution in the cluster, etc. Meanwhile, we improved the inertia factor and the learning factor of PSO to strong the search ability of the PSO and effectively prevent the algorithm from entering the local optimization. In order to reduce the long distance communication consumption, we use the multi-hop routing algorithm based on the minimum energy consumption. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively balance the energy consumption of the network, and the multi-hop routing can reduce the energy consumption of the cluster head and prolong the network lifetime.(2). Considering the stability of the routing algorithm in practical applications, this paper extends on the single-path routing algorithm, generating multiple routes, and chooses one of the best from the historical routes. In this paper, we propose a new multi-path routing algorithm based on routing hops, remaining energy, using the every task’s historic data to elect a robust, more reliable, and load-balance by present parameters. And this algorithm has better performance in energy conservation, stability, and prolonging the network lifetime.(3). Based on the research of the clustering protocol and the multi-path routing, a cluster-based multi-path routing algorithm of WSN based on energy balanced is proposed. In this algorithm, we will elect dual cluster, one for data acquisition, and another for data transmission, which can better balance the network energy consumption. Multi-path routing not only meets the requirements of the stability, but also is conducive to balance the network energy consumption and prolong the network life cycle.