Design Of Quadratic Residue Based Low-cost RFID Group Authentication Protocol And Its FPGA Simulation

Radio frequency identification(RFID)technology is an automatic identification technology using wireless communication.Because RFID has the advantages of fast recognition,low cost,and identification without manual intervention,it has received widely attentions of peoples.and it has been gradually applied to point of sale(POS),automatic vehicle identification(AVI)systems,asset tracking,library management systems,etc.With the increasing application of RFID,multiple tags need to be authenticated at the same time in many scenarios,which has led to the proposal of RFID group tag authentication technology.However,on the one hand,because the transmission between tags and the reader is wireless,the transmitted data is vulnerable to malicious attacks such as eavesdropping,tampering and forgery;on the other hand,due to the small size,limited storage space and low computing power of the tags,it is difficult to apply complex encryption algorithms to the RFID system.These factors have severely restricted the development of RFID technology.In addition,when the commodity is traded,the ownership on the commodity also changes,so the ownership of the tag on the commodity needs to be transferred during the transaction.The research on the above problems have been done,and the following results have been obtained:First of all,in view of the limited hardware resources of the tags in the RFID system and the advantage of key management based on public key cryptography,a low-cost RFID tag group authentication scheme based on quadratic residue is proposed.The solution uses a pre-storage method to store some authentication information on the tag in the backend database in advance,reducing the storage cost on the tag;a Rabin encryption algorithm with low Hamming weight characteristics is used to ensure the security of the protocol and effectively reduce the calculation cost on the tag.The scheme not only realizes the mutual identity authentication between the reader and the group tag,but also eliminates counterfeit tags and invalid tags during the authentication process,which improves the authentication efficiency.Secondly,an quadratic residue based RFID group tag ownership transfer scheme is presented on the basis of the above design.This solution can safely and completely transfer the ownership of group tags from the old owner reader to the new owner reader without increasing the additional calculation and storage burden of the tags.This solution satisfies backward privacy security and forward privacy security.After the ownership of the RFID group tag is successfully transferred,the old owner reader can no longer continue to access and authenticate the group tag,and the new owner reader cannot obtain interaction information between previous group tags and old owner readers.Finally,the formal analysis of the above two schemes based on BAN logic are conducted.The results show that both the schemes proposed in this paper are secure.At the same time,in view of the hardware resource consumption on the tag,this paper analyzes the most resource-intensive multiplication operation on the RFID tag in the protocol is simulated on the hardware development environment of Vivado and Modelsim,the results show that the algorithm meets the requirements of low cost.