| Objective: Autism,is a neurodevelopmental disorder.Data show that the incidence of autism in children in China is about 1%.Autism not only seriously affects children’s physical and mental health,but also its adverse impact on children’s movement development level can not be ignored.Unintervened motor developmental disorders may further affect the physical and mental health of autistic children,thus causing them to miss the opportunity to improve core symptoms.The improvement of the level of movement development and the improvement of other physical fitness and sensory function are not independent of each other,but are closely related.Therefore,this study selected 5-6-year-old moderate autistic boys as the research object,and longitudinally compared the changes of motor quality,basic motor skills and autistic degree of autistic children before and after exercise intervention,to explore the effect of exercise intervention on improving the level of movement development and autism degree of autistic children,and from the differences of motor quality and sensory function of autistic children.The related mechanisms affecting the basic motor skills of autistic children were analyzed,and the relevant mechanisms affecting the degree of autism of autistic children were analyzed from the changes of basic motor skills of autistic children.The results of the study will enrich the relevant theories in the field of the development of basic motor skills of autistic children and the improvement of the degree of autism by exercise in autistic children.It is helpful to put forward effective strategies to improve the level of movement development of autistic children and improve the degree of autism of autistic children,and to provide practical basis for improving the level of motor development and the degree of autism of autistic children.Methods: All the children recruited in this experiment were moderately autistic children diagnosed by Tianjin Children’s Hospital,who met the diagnostic criteria of the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases(ICD-10).A total of 32 boys aged from 5 to 6 years old were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group(n = 16)and the control group(n = 14).To observe the differences of problem behavior(ATEC scale),basic motor skills(M-ABC(2)test),body shape(height,weight,BMI and lean weight),exercise quality(10m return run,standing long jump,tennis throw,continuous jump,forward flexion and walking balance beam)and sensory function(two points discrimination and weight discrimination)of autistic children after exercise intervention between the experimental group and the control group.To analyze the specific effect of the exercise intervention program in this experiment on improving the basic motor skills and physical and mental health of autistic children.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between motor quality,sensory function and basic motor skills,and between basic motor skills and autistic problem behavior in autistic children.The experimental results were used to explore the relevant mechanisms affecting the improvement of basic motor skills and problem behavior in autistic children.Results:1.Comparison of various indexes between and within different groups after exercise intervention(1)Comparison of body shape indexes among different groups after exercise intervention: the height,weight,BMI and lean weight of autistic children in the experimental group after exercise intervention were not significantly different from those in the control group and before exercise intervention.(P>0.05)(2)Comparison of behavior indexes of autism among different groups after exercise intervention: the total scores of social ability,sensory/cognitive ability,health/physiology/behavior and problem behavior of autistic children in the experimental group decreased significantly after exercise intervention(P < 0.01).Comparison of autistic problem behaviors in autistic children in the experimental group before and after exercise intervention: expression/language/communication,social ability and health/physiology/behavior decreased significantly(P < 0.05).Sensory/cognitive ability and total score decreased significantly(P < 0.01).(3)Comparison of basic motor skills among different groups after exercise intervention: the total score of basic motor skills of autistic children in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.01).The total scores of fine motor skills,object control skills and stability skills in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P <0.01).Comparison of basic motor skills of autistic children in the experimental group before and after exercise intervention: the total scores of fine motor skills,object control skills,stability skills and total scores were significantly improved(P < 0.01).(4)Comparison of sensory function indexes among different groups after exercise intervention: the minimum distance of two-point discrimination and the number of weight discrimination errors of autistic children in the experimental group decreased significantly after exercise intervention(P < 0.01).There was also a very significant decrease in the experimental group before and after exercise intervention(P < 0.01).(5)Comparison of sports quality indexes among different groups after exercise intervention: the scores of 10-meter return run,standing long jump and tennis long throw of autistic children in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.01).The scores of continuous jump of both feet and walking balance beam were significantly higher than those in the control group(P <0.05).Comparison of exercise quality of autistic children in the experimental group before and after exercise intervention: the scores of 10-meter return run,standing long jump,tennis throw,continuous jump of both feet and walking balance beam were significantly improved(P < 0.01).The performance of flexion in sitting position was significantly improved(P < 0.05).2.Analysis of the correlation between motor quality,sensory function and basic motor skills(1)In the sports quality index,the performance of standing long jump is significantly positively correlated with the total scores of fine movement skills,object control skills and stability skills;the results of tennis long throw are significantly positively correlated with the total scores of object control skills and stability skills;there is a significant negative correlation between the performance of continuous jump and the total score of object control skill and stability skill;the results of walking on the balance beam are significantly negatively correlated with the total scores of fine movement skills,object control skills and stability skills.(2)In sensory function index,two-point discrimination and weight discrimination were significantly negatively correlated with the total score of fine motor skills.3.Analysis of the relationship between basic motor skills and autistic problem behavior(1)There is a significant negative correlation between the total score of fine motor skills and the score of expression/language/communication.(2)There is a significant negative correlation between the total score of object control skills and the score of social ability.Conclusion:1.After the intervention of the exercise intervention program in this experiment,the motor development level of autistic children was significantly improved,and the total scores of social ability,sensory/cognitive ability,health/physiology/behavior and problem behavior were all improved.Two-point discrimination and weight discrimination were improved,strength,speed,flexibility and balance were improved.It is proved that the exercise intervention scheme in this experiment has a significant effect on improving the physical and mental health of autistic children.2.The improvement of coordination,balance and sensory function of autistic children may be the reason for the improvement of fine motor skills,while the improvement of strength,coordination and balance ability of autistic children may be the reason for the improvement of gross motor skills.The long-term potentiation of the brain horse promoted by exercise intervention may be the mechanism for the improvement of motor skills.3.The improvement of fine motor skills in autistic children may be the reason for the improvement of language ability,the improvement of the perceptual function of mirror neurons corresponding to the improvement of fine motor skills and the improvement of metabolic synthesis of key neurotransmitters in the brain may be the mechanism for the improvement of language ability.The improvement of object control skills may be the reason for the improvement of social skills.After exercise intervention,the improvement of the synergy of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to the improvement of object control skills and the promotion of cerebellar development may be the mechanism of the improvement of social skills. |
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