Study On Intergenerational Occupational Mobility And Its Influencing Factors For Urban And Rural Families In China

In recent years,terms such as "the second generation of wealth","the second generation of government officials" and "the second generation of power" have often been listed on the hot search lists,arousing wide attention and strong response from all sectors of society.The problems reflected behind the phenomenon of "the second generation",such as equal opportunity,solidified class,and the gap between the rich and the poor,deserve in-depth study.The intergenerational mobility of occupations can reflect the narrow intergenerational mobility channel and the degree of equality of employment opportunities.At the same time,due to the existence of the permanent household registration system,intergenerational occupational mobility shows different characteristics between urban and rural families in China.Based on the above social background,this paper takes intergenerational mobility theory and human capital theory as the theoretical basis,and on the basis of a large number of literatures related to intergenerational occupational mobility,it uses the data of China Comprehensive Social Survey(CGSS2013)to explore the intergenerational occupational mobility of urban and rural families in China and its influencing factors,aiming to make up for the lack of maternal perspective in the study of intergenerational occupational mobility of predecessors.Firstly,the Bi-Logarithmic Model is used to estimate the intergenerational occupational flexibility of father-children and mother-children in urban and rural families respectively,to analyze the differences in the degree between the occupational status of fathers and mothers on the occupational status of their children,and to investigate the differences between urban and rural areas.Secondly,based on the Quantile Regression Model,it further analyzes the class difference of intergenerational occupational mobility between urban and rural families,that is,the offspring of different occupational classes are affected by the occupational status of their parents.Thirdly,the paper uses Binary Logit Model to explore the factors influencing the upward mobility of urban and rural families,and focuses on the factors of educational human capital.Finally,combined with the results of empirical analysis,put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.According to the results of empirical analysis,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)The regression results of the Bi-Logarithmic Model show that the occupational status of children in urban families is more affected by their fathers,while that of children in rural families is more affected by their mothers;The intergenerational occupational elasticity coefficient of rural mother-children is greater than that of urban father-children,indicating that the intergenerational occupational mobility in rural areas is lower than that in urban areas.(2)The Quantile Regression results show that in higher professional class for urban families,the occupational status of children is negatively affected by their mothers.Father-children intergenerational occupational elasticity coefficient is positive,and from low to high quantile present a "U" type.It means that in the lower and higher occupational classes of the offspring,intergenerational occupational mobility is low;For rural families,children's each professional class is not significantly affected by the father.The elasticity coefficient value of mother-children intergenerational occupation is relatively large at the lower quantile but not significant at the higher high quantile,indicating that the lower and middle lower classes of rural China have higher intergenerational occupational mobility,and the solidification of social occupational class is more serious.(3)The marginal effect analysis results of Binary Logit Model show that in various influencing factors,their children's education has the highest contribution to the intergenerational occupational upward mobility.The influence of different educational levels of rural families on intergenerational career mobility is much higher than that of urban families,and apparently education for rural families children achieving upward mobility of the intergenerational career is more important;Regarding social capital factors,parental party membership has no significant impact on intergenerational occupational mobility in urban and rural families,while family social status has no significant impact on urban families,but has significant impact on rural families.Based on the above conclusions,this paper puts forward the following suggestions:continue to deepen the reform of household registration system,and gradually eliminate the problem of household registration discrimination;Strengthen the development of rural education,and promote the comprehensive popularization of higher education;We will vigorously promote rural women's employment and improve the quality of rural women's employment.Adjust the division of urban family responsibilities and constantly improve the urban child care system;Create a fair employment environment and promote good intergenerational occupational mobility.