Research By Kuang Zhouyi

Kuang Zhouyi was an important writer in the Ci-poetry circle of the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.Together with Wang Pengyun,Zhu Zumou and Zheng Wenzhuo,he was known as �the four masters of the late Qing Dynasty.� For more than 50 years,Zhouyi has left abundant works on Ci-peotry both in his creation and in theory.Among them,�Hui Feng Ci Hua� is the representative and summary of his theory.This paper is divided into four parts,which discusses the life and writings of Kuang,his Ci thought,his Ci creation and the cultural mentality of adherents.The first chapter introduces the life and writings of Kuang Zhouyi,and introduces Kuang's important family members who had literary activities,such as his grandfather Kuang Xianglin,his grandmother Zhu Zhen,his father Kuang Xun,and his uncle Kuang Cheng.His writings can be divided into Ci theory,Ci works and notes.The second chapter mainly explores Kuang Zhouyi's thought of Ci.This chapter firstly discusses the literature background of the revival of Ci poetry in Qing Dynasty and summarizes the views of Zhang Huiyan and Zhou Ji,representatives of the school of Ci poetry in Changzhou.Kuang Zhouyi's Ci theory is the inheritance and development of Changzhou Ci school,and Kuang promoted Ci style,among which "heavy,simple and big" aesthetics is the core category of his Ci theory,that is,calm,thick,plain and natural,with a big pattern.This chapter then analyzes the famous "Ci xin theory" and "Ci jing theory",holding that Ci xin is based on personal subjective experience and the portrayal of deep emotion as a last resort,while Ci jing is divided into subjective spiritual realm and objective artistic conception of works.Finally,it discusses the way of learning Ci summarized by Kuang.The third chapter discusses the creation of Kuang Zhouyi under the influence of his Ci theory.Kuang's Ci writing style changed a lot in his life,so it could not be completely consistent with the theoretical construction.Kuang's works have deep meanings,such as the Jia-wu state poems with a subtle sense of irony,and the plum blossom opera poems containing the turmoil and pain of his country.However,the collection of Ci after Yumei embodies Kuang Zhouyi's view of Ci study that " heavy,simple and big " is carried by erotic Ci.Moreover,Zhouyi was also criticized.In addition,the study of melodies in Song and Yuan Dynasty is also reflected in Kuang Zhouyi's creation.The fourth chapter analyzes Kuang Zhouyi's choice of adherent identity and cultural mentality after the collapse of the Qing Dynasty.This chapter lists the social status of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,and analyzes the value orientation of Liang ji,Wang Guowei who are both cultural adherents.The late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China is a period of transformation of Chinese traditional culture.The adherents are in the position of cultural conservatism.In his later years,Zhouyi felt painful and lost,missing the passing of the Manqing Dynasty.