“Feng Sao” Spirit And The Evolution Of Ci Poetry In The Late Qing Dynasty

The tradition of “Feng Sao” plays a significant role in the development of Ci poetry.Given this,the historical course of ci writers'(in the late Qing Dynasty)accepting the artistic tradition of “Feng” and “Sao” is sorted out with inheritance and development of “Feng Sao” spirit as the clue,and Zhang Huiyan,Chen Tingzhuo,Zheng Wenzhuo and Kuang Zhouyi as representatives of ci writers,to search for the role and significance of “Feng Sao” spirit in construction of the Ci poetry view and critical paradigm.Based on an inheritance of the “Feng Sao” tradition,ci writers in the late Qing Dynasty have been,starting from the perspective of ci style,ci method and ci criticism,committed to a ci-based remodeling in connotation of ci poetry and development of the “Feng Sao” spiritual essence.In Chapter I,an interpretation was made in the spiritual essence of “Feng Sao”tradition and an analysis was carried out on its role and significance in the history of Chinese poetics viewing from the artistic technique of “Bixing”,realistic emotion of“Feng” and romantic mood of “Sao”,with primary meaning and evolution process of“Feng Sao” as the basis.In Chapter II,an analysis was conducted in how scripture scholars(represented by Zhang Huiyan)get the “Feng Sao” spirit.It pointed out that the ci writers of Zhang Huiyan was mainly based on the Confucian poetry teaching idea,with “Feng Sao” spirit as the basis;he laid an emphasis on ci style,advocated “internal ideology and external language” and “Bixing” as the method for ci,attached much significance to poetic imagery and style of ci,sought for the style of “elegance” and the ci criticism criterion of “being profound,aesthetic,broad and simple”,and explicated the classic view on ci poetry with era characteristics.In Chapter III,an analysis was carried out in the attitude of Ci Writers(represented by Chen Tingzhuo)towards the assimilation of “Feng Sao” spirit;he,respectively from the perspective of views on ci style,ci history and ci criticism criterion,analyzed classic ci writers and their works in different times,explored their opinions on ci such as the “honest and tolerant” soul of ci,method of ci(“Bixing”)and “honest and sincere” character of ci,as well as poetic details of ci criticism criterion.In Chapter IV,an analysis was carried out in the characteristics of inheritance of “Feng sao” spirit by ci writers(represented by Zheng Wenzhuo)with an inclination to aestheticcriticism;in this chapter,a ci criticism system under the impact of “Feng Sao” spirit was set forth based on his interpretations on “Qingkong”,“Zhixun” and “Fubixing”.Chapter V analyzed the attitude of ci writers(with an inclination to artistic criticism),represented by Kuang Zhouyi,towards inheritance of the “Feng Sao” spirit;in this chapter,the Feng Sao spirit of ci poetry opinions such as “ci soul”,“aspiration” and “ci form” was discussed.In the conclusion part,a conclusion is,from the perspective of inheritance and development of “Feng Sao” spirit by representative ci writers in the late Qing Dynasty,as well as significance of “Feng Sao” spirit in literary and artistic construction,drawn on the position and role of “Feng Sao” spirit in the circle of ci,revealing its subtle impact on later literature.