The History Of Chinese Teaching In The Russian Empire And Its Contemporary Enlightenment

The teaching of Chinese language in Russia has had a history of over 300 years.In the course of its development teaching of Chinese language in Russian Empire played an important role.Although teaching of Chinese language in Russian Empire had faced a lot of obstacles,it made a good progress.This research focuses on the development of teaching of Chinese language in Russian Empire and its enlightenment for teaching of Chinese language in modern Russia,to make a research about teaching of Chinese language in Russian Empire,and also combine the analysis of the current situation of teaching of Chinese language in Russia with the purpose of providing insights to the teaching of Chinese language in modern Russia.China and Russia didn't have any contacts until 17^th century,and in this period Russians didn't study Chinese.With the expansion of Russian and Chinese area,the need for teaching and learning Chines was becoming more and more urgent.Established in 18^th century Russian Orthodox Mission in Beijing was the first and the main center of Chinese teaching before 19^th century,its students were founders of Chinese teaching in Russia.The teaching of Chinese in Russian Empire began to develop rapidly in the first half of 19^th century,and three centers of Chinese teaching were established.Saint-Petersburg University,language courses and special schools of translation made a significant contribution to the teaching of Chinese in the first half of 19^thh century,but the teaching of Chinese in Russian Empire was facing a crisis in the second half of19^th century.Chinese teaching not only overcame the crisis,but also increased its level of teaching and researching.The teaching of Chinese language in Russian Empire laid a foundation for the teaching of Chinese language in modern Russia,developed knowledge and experience that has helped to set a course and format of teaching of Chinese language in modern Russia.Successful experience of teaching of Chinese language in Russian Empire has had heavily influenced the teaching of Chinese language in modern Russia.Nowadays,teaching of Chinese language in modern Russia still follows the organization,methods and principals of Chinese teaching that are ever employed by the institutes and universities in Russian Empire.The teaching of Chinese language in Russian Empire has faced employment,learning materials,teaching arrangement and other issues and teaching crises that had happened because of the lack of government's financial support,young teachers and researchers and learning materials and the issue of teaching arrangement.That experience is worth closer and more detailed research in that the research of the crises in Chinese teaching in Russian Empire experience can help us to solve issues of the teaching of Chinese language in modern Russia.