| ObjectiveYishui school is one of the most important schools in the history of traditional Chinese medicine.This study systematically and objectively collates and excavates the academic thought of viscera syndrome differentiation of Yishui school,analyzes and compares the law of viscera syndrome differentiation and drug use of four physicians of Yishui school,Zhang Yuansu,Li Dongyuan,Wang Haogu and Luo Tianyi,discusses their respective academic thought and inheritance context,and analyzes the inheritance characteristics of Yishui school,In order to provide new ideas for clinical syndrome differentiation.MethodBased on the collection of all prescriptions of syndrome differentiation of Zang Fu in five monographs of traditional Chinese medicine,i.e.Yi Xue Qi Yuan,Internal and external Injury Differentiation of Confusion,Spleen and stomach Theroy,Yi Lei Yuan Rong,and Wei Sheng Bao Jian,a database of syndrome differentiation of Zang Fu of Yishui school is constructed based on the traditional chinese medicine inheritance support system V2.5.Analysis and extraction of drug use frequency,core drug combination frequency,drug four Qi,five taste,meridian frequency in the prescription of syndrome differentiation of Zang Fu organs,mining core drug combinations by association rules;discovering new prescriptions by entropy clustering of complex systems,etc.At the same time,from different levels of support,the core drug combinations and the new prescriptions generated are analyzed in depth and displayed on the Internet.Four physicians of Yishui school have the experience of differentiation and treatment of viscera,which is from explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge,from subjective knowledge to objective knowledge.Based on the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine and modern literature,this paper summarizes and analyzes the academic thoughts of four physicians of Yishui school,comprehensively combs and analyzes the law of syndrome differentiation and drug use of viscera of Yishui school,and probes into its academic thoughts and inheritance context.Results1.According to statistics,261 prescriptions were collected,involving 230 drugs with 2089 drug frequency,of which 30 drugs were used more than 20 times.The top 10 drugs used were ginseng,liquorice,atractylodes macrocephala,roasted licorice,angelica,poria cocos,pinellia,cimicifuga,tangerine peel,cinnamon and bupleurum.According to the rules of association,the four medicine prescriptions of Yishui school are mainly composed of ginseng and atractylodes macrocephala,roasted licorice and ginseng,atractylodes macrocephala and poria cocos,ginseng and angelica,etc.2.According to the statistics of 65 prescriptions of Zhang Yuansu,136 drugs were used in total.The top 5 drugs were licorice,rhubarb,Atractylodes macrocephala,ginseng and roasted licorice.Among the four drugs,most of them are warm smelling drugs,accounting for 37.93%;most of them are pungent drugs,bitter drugs and sweet drugs;most of them are spleen channel and stomach channel,accounting for 19.44%and 16.24%.Based on the analysis of the association rule of Zhang element,the drug combinations with higher frequency were ginseng and atractylodes;atractylodes macrocephala and poria cocos,roasted licorice and atractylodes macrocephala,etc.3.According to the statistics of 72 prescriptions of Li Dongyuan,96 drugs were used in total.The scope of drug use was the most simplified among the four doctors.The top five drugs used were ginseng,angelica,roasted licorice,cohosh and Atractylodes macrocephala.The proportion of four kinds of drugs with warm smell was the most,which reached 60.04%;the main ones were pungent drugs,sweet drugs and bitter drugs;the most common ones were spleen meridians and stomach meridians,which accounted for 25.20%and 16.08%.Based on the analysis of the association rule of Li Dongyuan’s prescription,the higher frequency combinations were cimicifuga and bupleurum;ginseng and astragalus;astragalus and angelica;roasted licorice and ginseng,etc.4.According to the statistics of 73 prescriptions of Wang Haogu,163 drugs were used in total.The most widely used drugs were licorice,tuckahoe,ginseng,cinnamon and ginger.The number of warm smelling drugs was the most,accounting for 49.34%,nearly half of them.The main taste of drugs was pungent,sweet and bitter drugs,and the spleen meridian was the most,accounting for 21.12%,followed by lung meridian 15.00%.Based on the analysis of the association rule of Wang Haogu’s prescription,the combination with higher frequency is ginseng and poria cocos,atractylodes macrocephala and poria cocos;ginseng and atractylodes macrocephala,liquorice and poria cocos,etc.5.According to the statistics of 51 prescriptions of Luo Tianyi,106 drugs were used in total.The top 5 drugs were ginseng,roasted licorice,tangerine peel,angelica and Atractylodes macrocephala.The most of the four drugs were warm,followed by cold drugs,accounting for 34.16%.The main drugs were pungent,bitter and sweet,and the most common ones were spleen channel and stomach channel,accounting for 22.91%and 16.51%respectively.Based on the analysis of the association rules of Luo Tianyi’s prescription,the combination with higher frequency is roasted licorice and ginseng,ginseng and angelica,roasted licorice and atractylodes macrocephala.ConclusionAccording to the research of literature on the academic thought of syndrome differentiation of viscera of Yishui school,the four doctors have their own play in the syndrome differentiation of viscera pathogenesis.The syndrome differentiation and treatment system of Zhang Yuansu’s viscera is mainly based on the pathogenesis of deficiency and excess of viscera samples and cold and heat,especially focusing on the lesions of deficiency of five viscera essence and Qi,advocating the functional characteristics of spleen dominating the center and nourishing the four sides.Li Dongyuan,based on the syndrome differentiation of Zhangyuan’s viscera pathogenesis,attached importance to the theory of internal injury of spleen and stomach,and emphasized the importance of spleen and stomach qi in human functional activities.Wang Haogu’s syndrome differentiation and treatment of viscera advocated“The theory of"deficiency and excess of vital energy" focuses on the identification of deficiency and excess of vital energy in different organs,including the deficiency of vital energy in spleen and stomach.Luo Tianyi’s syndrome differentiation of viscera is characterized by emphasizing the characteristics of cold,heat,deficiency and excess of viscera.He thinks that the main pathogenesis is deficiency of spleen and stomach,stagnation of spleen and stomach qi,dampness and obstruction of spleen and soil,and considers the interaction between viscera.It can be found from the data mining that the medicine frequency of Yi Shui school is the most frequently used medicine of ginseng,liquorice,Atractylodes macrocephala,roasted liquorice,angelica and so on.In the distribution of four Qi,it can be seen that the proportion of warm drugs accounts for nearly half of the drug properties;the distribution of five flavors mainly consists of pungent,sweet and bitter drugs;in the distribution of meridian tropism,the drugs used by the four doctors are the spleen tropism and stomach tropism,followed by the heart tropism,lung tropism,liver tropism and kidney tropism.In clinical treatment,Yishuischool is good at using tonic drugs,paying attention to invigorating the Qi of spleen and stomach and warming the Yang of spleen and stomach,so later generations call it Wenbu school for a reason to follow.According to the independent data analysis of the frequency of drug use,the four Qi,the five taste,the meridian tropism and the association rules of the four physicians of Yishui school,we can see that the four physicians have different rules of syndrome differentiation and drug use,each with its own characteristics.Although the four physicians have different understanding of the disease and the use of therapeutic drugs,they have the same academic thought,the academic heritage can be traced,and the teachers and apprentices of the Yishui school have a harmonious relationship,and the good moral character of mutual respect and love between teachers and apprentices has played an exemplary role for future generations,which is worth learning and developing.In this study,through the combination of literature research and data mining,we studied the academic thought of syndrome differentiation and drug use of viscera of Yishui school,combining subjective discussion with objective analysis,combing and improving the analysis of the law of syndrome differentiation and drug use of viscera of Yishui school;in terms of research content,through the test of medicine,the academic thought of syndrome differentiation of viscera of four physicians of Yishui school was carried out horizontally and vertically.The comparison of the analysis of the similarities and differences between different doctors in the dialectical nature and disease location will help to improve the theory of viscera syndrome differentiation of Yishui school and provide reference for clinical treatment of viscera syndrome differentiation. |
