The Relationship Between Guardian’s Parenting Style And Left Behind Children’s School Adjustment:The Mediating Effect Of Resilience

With the rapid development of social economy,the economic difference between urban and rural areas is growing,which makes a group of family labor force go out to work in order to make a living.They have to leave their children in their hometown to be cared by their grandparents or one of their parents.These children who are left in their hometown to be cared by other guardians or single parents are the main research objects of this paper,left behind children.Different guardians have different ways of parenting and rearing,which makes the left behind children have different degrees of school adaptability and psychological resilience.Starting from the guardian’s upbringing,this paper focuses on how to improve the school adaptation and psychological resilience of left behind children.Using the simple parenting style questionnaire,Adolescent Resilience Scale and junior high school version of National School Adaptation Scale for primary and secondary school students as tools,1000 students from a junior high school in zushidian Town,Xupu County,Hunan Province,a middle school in the urban-rural fringe and a remote rural middle school in Leiyang City,Hunan Province were investigated.Through difference test,correlation analysis and regression analysis,this paper explores the relationship between guardians’ parenting style and school adaptability,and the mediating role of psychological resilience.（1）The school adaptability of the left behind children who are cared by their mother alone is higher than that of their grandparents.For left behind boys,their school adaptability is better if they are cared by their mothers.For left behind girls,their school adaptability is better when they are cared for by their mother or grandparents.（2）The left behind children cared by their grandparents have higher psychological resilience.For left behind boys,their psychological resilience is higher when they are taken care of by their father alone;For left behind girls,the psychological resilience of grandparents is higher.（3）The rejection and over-protection of guardians’ parenting styles are negatively correlated with resilience and school adaptation,while the emotional warmth and resilience of guardians’ parenting styles are positively correlated with school adaptation.There is less over-protection when the father is alone,and more emotional warmth when the mother is alone.（4）Resilience plays a partial mediating role in the rejection dimension,emotional warmth dimension and school adaptation of parenting style,while resilience plays a complete mediating role in the over-protection dimension and school adaptation of parenting style.The results of this study show that the school adaptability of left behind children can be directly affected by their guardians’ parenting style,or indirectly affected by their guardians’ parenting style through their psychological resilience.Therefore,choosing different guardians or adopting positive parenting styles is an effective way to improve the school adaptability of left behind children.