Research On The Value Orientation Of Higher Education Quality In China From The Era Of Popularization

The stage of universal higher education is the in-depth development of the mass stage of higher education,which includes not only the further expansion of quantity and scale,but also the internal qualitative development and change.In 2019,China entered the threshold of popularization.From the perspective of the development of higher education in the world,as of January 2020,many countries have stepped into different levels of popularization,among which 26 countries and regions are in the high-level stage of popularization（the gross enrollment rate exceeds 80%）.In contrast,the popularization of higher education in China is not only late,but also at a low level.The extensive development of higher education has aroused the attention of its internal and external subjects to the quality of higher education.Based on different value demands,different views on the quality of higher education have been formed.The development of higher education quality concept promotes people to think and explore the value orientation of higher education quality concept.The quality view of higher education refers to the value judgment made by the relevant subjects of higher education on the quality of higher education according to a certain value orientation.It can be seen that the value orientation not only plays a vital role in the formation of the quality view of higher education,but also implies the expectation for the development of colleges and universities,At the same time,it also affects the future direction of higher education development to a certain extent.These value orientations can be roughly divided into the following four types: academic orientation,political orientation,market orientation and humanistic orientation.Since the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities in 1998,China’s higher education has begun the journey of extension development,and also embarked on the road of catching up with popularization.By analyzing the motivation,undertakers and levels in the process of popularization of higher education in China,we can find that: in the process of popularization,the core force is driven by policy,and the important attraction is guided by market;Among the undertakers of the popularization process,public universities are important undertakers,while private universities are effective supplements;In the process of popularization,junior college is the mainstay,master and doctor is the spark.It can be seen that in the historical inheritance and innovation,China’s higher education has formed a policy driven development path with Chinese characteristics of public universities,supplemented by private universities.In all levels of popularization,junior college and undergraduate are always the backbone.To study the evolution of the quality concept of higher education in China,in the elite stage,it is mainly qualified quality concept,in the public stage,it is mainly shared quality concept,and its quality standard is from single to diverse.By analyzing the value orientation implied by the main quality concept at the present stage,we can see that there are still contradictions between the value orientation implied by the current quality concept and the deep development of popularization,mainly including the inertial misunderstanding between popularization and the cultivation of elites in higher education,the inertial tradition of popularization and administrative intervention in higher education,and the inertial pursuit of popularization and instrumental rationality in higher education.Facing the deep development of popularization of higher education,its quality concept should be value-added quality concept;In the value orientation of its quality view,the academic orientation should balance excellence and commonplace,the humanistic orientation should be more prominent,and the internal and external orientation should return to the ontological value,that is,pay more attention to value rationality,and at the same time,focus on the government,market,scholars and learners as the main body,and seek cooperation between the main body to pursue the optimization of development.With the in-depth development of popularization,the humanistic orientation of higher education quality concept has become increasingly prominent,especially scholars and learners...