| With the accelerating arrival of aging population in China,the phenomenon of "getting old before getting rich" is obvious,which has become a major challenge in China’s economic development.And consumption is pulling the action to economic growth day by day.Population aging will bring about changes in the family population structure.The consumption characteristics of people of different ages have obvious differences.The change of population weight of different ages in a family will inevitably change the consumption structure of a family.To study the impact of deepening aging degree on household consumption behavior,adjust the supply of all kinds of consumer goods in China,make it more suitable for the needs of aging society,promote the upgrading of consumption demand and consumption structure,improve the sense of gain and happiness of residents,and stimulate economic growth.Through descriptive statistics,this paper analyzes the status quo of aging degree and consumption structure in China.It is found that the degree of aging in China is accelerating,the degree of aging in the eastern and central regions is high,the degree of aging in the west is low,and compared with other countries with similar degree of aging,the degree of economic development in China is low.The consumption level of Chinese residents is lower than the world level.The consumption pattern is gradually diversified,the Engel coefficient is constantly declining,and the consumption structure is changing from subsistence type to enjoy type consumption.However,the proportion of rural consumption is gradually decreasing,and the gap between urban and rural consumption levels is further widening.Furthermore,the Engel curves of all kinds of consumer goods are fitted by nonparametric regression,and the Quadratic Approximate Ideal Demand System(QUAIDS)model is established for research.In terms of total expenditure elasticity,the deepening of aging degree will promote the consumption of food,tobacco,alcohol,clothing,education,culture and entertainment,medical care and other goods and services in cities and towns,but this promotion effect is not obvious in rural areas.It can be seen that the living burden of families with old people in urban areas is significantly greater than that of families without old people,while the consumption gap between such families with and without old people is smaller in rural areas.The deepening of aging degree will increase the sensitivity of urban household consumption to the price of education,culture,entertainment and other supplies and services,and at the same time,increase the sensitivity of rural household consumption to the price of housing,transportation and communication,medical care,other supplies and services.The difference between urban and rural expenditures on various types of consumer goods in their price movements is mainly due to the lower level of household income of rural residents.Therefore,raising the rural income level is the key measure to relieve the rural pension pressure and release the rural consumption. |
