The Influence Of Parenting Style On Test Anxiety Of Junior School Students: The Mediating Role Of Academic Self Efficacy And The Moderating Effects Of Gender

As an important means of selecting talents,examination has its value.However,with the introduction of educational reform policies such as strengthening vocational education and increasing the diversion of junior school students in the 14 th five year plan,the competition of junior school examination is becoming increasingly fierce.It is of practical significance to study junior school students’ test anxiety and its influencing factors.In this study,more than 3000 junior high school students were investigated by using the s-EMBU-C revised by Jiang Jiang and others,the Chinese version of Test Anxiety Scale adapted by Wang Caikang and the Academic Self-efficacy Scale compiled by Liang Yusong and Zhou Zongkui.The results are as follows:(1)There are more than one third of junior school students with severe test anxiety.There are significant differences in gender,grade and whether they are only children or not.As for junior school students,girls is significantly higher in the level of test anxiety than that of boys,and the level of test anxiety for non only children is significantly higher than that of only children.As they grow older,the higher their levels of test anxiety are;(2)There was a significant positive correlation between father’s parenting style and mother’s parenting style(P < 0.001);Among the parenting styles,the score of emotional warmth is the highest and the score of refusal is the lowest,which indicates that the parenting style of junior school students is reasonable;In the three dimensions of parental rearing style,which are rejection,emotional warmth and overprotection,mother was significantly higher than father;As for junior school students,boys are significantly higher than girls in parents’ rejection,emotional warmth and overprotection;Only child felt less parents’ rejection and more mother’s emotional warmth than non-only child;As for junior school students of different grades,there are significant differences in parents’ emotional warmth and mother’s over protection.(3)The academic self-efficacy of junior school students is generally in a high level;As for junior school students,boys are significantly higher in the level of academic self-efficacy than that of girls;The non only child felt lower academic self-efficacy than the only child;There are significantly differences in academic self-efficacy between students in different grades;The level of academic self-efficacy in Grade 1 is significantly lower than that of other grades of students in junior school;(4)Test anxiety is positively correlated with parental rejection and parental overprotection,and negatively correlated with parental emotional warmth and academic self-efficacy.Academic self-efficacy was negatively correlated with parental rejection,but positively correlated with parental emotional warmth;Parental rejection and parental warmth can not only predict test anxiety directly,but also predict test anxiety through the mediating effect of academic self-efficacy.Gender moderates the second half of the mediating model,which shows that compared with junior school boys,academic self-efficacy has a more significant negative predictive effect on girls’ test anxiety.However,parental overprotection can only predict test anxiety directly,but not through the mediating effect of academic self-efficacy.The results show that parental rearing style can not only directly affect the test anxiety of junior school students,but also indirectly cause different levels of test anxiety of junior school students through academic self-efficacy,and the effect on girls is more significant.It is suggested that parents should make their children feel less rejection and more emotional warmth,especially pay attention to the cultivation of girls’ academic self-efficacy.