Research On The Impact Of Biased Technological Progress On China’s Employment Market

Since the end of the 20 th century,emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence,automation and big data analysis have emerged and flourished,which has brought significant changes to the way of human life and production.The development of science and technology is the inevitable trend of social development,and scientific and technological progress is also a very important factor affecting employment.Employment is one of the major issues related to people’s life.Ensuring the full employment of the working age population is the key to promoting the harmonious and stable development of society.In this context,an in-depth study of the relationship between technological progress and employment is of great significance to realize the harmonious,stable and healthy development of economy and society.Through the analysis and summary of relevant literature and combined with the realistic background of the continuous development of China’s technological progress,this paper first explores and analyzes the impact mechanism of biased technological progress on the employment market in combination with the task model,and then collects the data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2005 to 2020 as research samples to analyze the relationship between biased technological progress,employment and wages,The results show that:(1)By establishing a task-based theoretical model to explore the impact mechanism of different types of technological progress on the employment market,the analysis results show that capital biased technological progress has a direct substitution effect on employment,which will reduce the demand for labor,but there is also a certain compensation function.The first is the productivity effect.Productivity effect can be further divided into two effects.One is the "price productivity effect" brought by reducing production costs through automation;The other is that the fully automated industry expands the labor demand for other non fully automated industries through the "scale effect".The second is the compensation effect brought by capital accumulation.Finally,the compensation effect of deep automation.The labor biased technological progress,that is,the creation of new tasks,has a compensation effect,which makes enterprises increase the demand for labor with comparative advantages.(2)In this paper,the production frontier measurement model of China is established based on the logarithmic deviation function.The results show that there is a capital bias in China’s technological progress,and the overall trend is from labor bias to capital bias.(3)Based on the econometric model of CES production function,this paper studies the impact of biased technological progress on total employment.The results show that in the sample period,capital biased technological progress has an obvious crowding out effect on employment.From the regression results of each region,biased technological progress has the greatest impact on the central region.This is because the central region has gathered a large number of capital intensive enterprises.New technologies and new equipment quickly replace the labor force,resulting in a large number of labor unemployment in a short time.(4)At the national level,biased technological progress has an obvious negative effect on wages.The higher the degree of technological progress tends to capital,the less the demand for labor,and the easier it is to reduce the real wage.From the regional level,with the development of biased technological progress,the wage level of the labor force in the eastern and western regions will be reduced,which has no obvious effect on the central region.The reason for this situation is that biased technological progress has both reduction and compensation effects on wages.Finally,the two offset each other and have no significant impact in the end.Based on the research conclusions of this paper,this paper puts forward targeted policy suggestions:(1)create a good innovation environment,promote technological progress and development in the central and western regions,and drive employment growth;(2)Introduce new technologies in line with China’s factor endowment,and encourage independent innovation;(3)Further improve and balance the employment market and improve the stock and quality of human capital;(4)Strengthen the construction of social welfare and improve the reemployment ability of the unemployed.