| Since the reform and opening up,China’s economy has achieved rapid development,but with the society entering the aging stage,the population structural contradiction is becoming more and more obvious.Due to the different geographical location and enjoyment policies in China,the development between different places is fast and slow,good and bad,so people gradually move to the fast and good places,in order to find employment opportunities,thus creating a unique migrant workers group in China.The increasing number of floating population has become a force that can not be ignored by the local government.The local government should actively respond to some demands of the floating population,which increases the financial expenditure of the local government.However,while the floating population is actively constructing the local area,due to the influence of the household registration system,the rights and interests of enjoying basic public services have not been effectively protected.On the surface,it is a household registration system,but in essence it is fundamentally constrained by the current fiscal system.On the one hand,the local government will actively choose the household registration system to shield some expenditure responsibilities,and present a household registration bias in the provision of basic public services;on the other hand,after the tax-sharing system in 1993,the central government concentrated more revenue.In the case of limited financial resources,local governments as a rational subject,the government will arrange fiscal expenditures based on the registered population rather than the permanent population,so as to avoid making ends meet.The Yangtze River Delta,where Jiangsu Province is located,along with the Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan areas,are the "three poles of attraction" for China’s population.Based on the data of floating population,general public budget expenditure,education expenditure,social security and employment expenditure and public security expenditure of 13 prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province,this paper uses generalized moment(system GMM)estimation method to study and analyze the impact of floating population on basic public service expenditure of local governments.The empirical results found that: on the one hand,the growth rate of the floating population is positively correlated with the growth rate of general public budget expenditures and education expenditures.The increase in the floating population has increased the pressure on local fiscal expenditures,leading to an increase in local government general public budget expenditures and education expenditures.Because migrant children receiving education in local public primary and secondary schools will squeeze out local educational resources.To ensure that every student can equally enjoy educational resources,local education expenditures will increase accordingly;on the other hand,the impact of floating population growth rate on social security and employment expenditure,public security expenditure growth rate is not significant.This shows that although the local government will increase the fiscal expenditure because of the inflow of population,the increased expenditure may be used in other aspects,not to meet the basic public service needs of the floating population.The investment in social security,employment and public security of the floating population is not enough,and the level of social security,employment and security of the floating population is low,there is still a need to further increase related expenditures.In response to the results obtained in the empirical part,in order to ensure the basic public service level of the floating population in the local area,this article puts forward the following three suggestions based on the current situation: first,the local government should increase the basic public service expenditure to meet the needs of the inflowing population;second,it is necessary to improve the floating population the system guarantees the equalization of basic public services;third,it is necessary to rationally divide the expenditure responsibilities of the central and local governments and improve the management of special transfer payments. |
