| Population is a complex issue closely related to politics,economy,society and culture.As a populous country,China’s population pressure can not be experienced by other countries in the world.In the early stage of reform and opening up,in order to alleviate the pressure of population on resources and environment and promote the development of national economy and the realization of four modernizations,China began to implement the family planning policy aiming at population control,and took family planning as the basic national policy.The implementation of family planning policy has played a great role in slowing down population growth and improving population quality.However,in the past 40 years of reform and opening-up,China has undergone major political,economic and social reforms.The population situation in China has undergone tremendous changes.Population aging and unbalanced sex ratio at birth have become increasingly serious.China’s population problem has begun to change from a quantitative problem to a structural one,which has brought hidden dangers to China’s economic development and social operation.Firstly,this paper makes a content analysis of China’s government work report from 1978 to 2018 through content analysis,trying to explore the change of the government’s attention allocation to population development goals in the past 40 years of reform and opening up.After quantitative analysis,we find that the government’s attention to population development goals has gone through a process from focusing on population size to population size,population structure,population quality and population distribution.From the point of view of the attention allocation of a single goal,the population quantity goal is gradually decreasing,the population quality goal is overall stable,the population structure goal is rising rapidly,and the population distribution goal is more prominent in the middle and late stages.Combining with the change of the government’s attention allocation,this paper analyses the evolution process of the population fertility policy from three stages:the formation and improvement of the one-child policy(1978-1990),the strict control of population growth(1991-2005),and the overall solution of population problems(2006-2018).Finally,according to the current situation of population development and the change of the government’s attention allocation,this paper analyses the problems our country facing at present,such as the persistent low fertility rate,the deepening of aging,the imbalance of the sex ratio of population,the lack of security for the rational flow of population.It also puts forward some policy suggestions,such as increasing public resources investment,improving family development policy,improving social pension system and improving the service system of floating population. |
